मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-53, verse-38
न वै चतुर्युगावस्था नार्तवा ऋतवो न च ।
आग्नीध्रसूनोर्नाभेस्तु ऋषभोऽभूत् सुतो द्विज ॥३८॥
आग्नीध्रसूनोर्नाभेस्तु ऋषभोऽभूत् सुतो द्विज ॥३८॥
38. na vai caturyugāvasthā nārtavā ṛtavo na ca .
āgnīdhrasūnornābhestu ṛṣabho'bhūt suto dvija.
āgnīdhrasūnornābhestu ṛṣabho'bhūt suto dvija.
38.
na vai caturyugāvasthā na ārtavāḥ ṛtavaḥ na ca
āgnīdhra sūnoḥ nābheḥ tu ṛṣabhaḥ abhūt sutaḥ dvija
āgnīdhra sūnoḥ nābheḥ tu ṛṣabhaḥ abhūt sutaḥ dvija
38.
Indeed, neither the stages of the four yugas nor the cyclical seasons and their changes exist there. But, O twice-born (dvija), Ṛṣabha was the son of Nābhi, who was the son of Āgnīdhra.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no
- वै (vai) - emphatic particle (indeed, certainly, surely)
- चतुर्युगावस्था (caturyugāvasthā) - the cycle of the four cosmic ages, which usually brings decline and change (state/condition of the four yugas)
- न (na) - not, no
- आर्तवाः (ārtavāḥ) - seasonal changes or influences (seasonal, produced by seasons, related to seasons)
- ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) - the six seasons of the year (seasons)
- न (na) - not, no
- च (ca) - and, also
- आग्नीध्र (āgnīdhra) - A specific king, son of Priyavrata and father of Nābhi (Agnidhra (proper noun))
- सूनोः (sūnoḥ) - of Agnidhra's son (Nābhi) (of the son)
- नाभेः (nābheḥ) - of King Nābhi, father of Ṛṣabha (of Nābhi)
- तु (tu) - introduces a contrast or a new point in the narrative (but, indeed, on the other hand)
- ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - King Ṛṣabha, son of Nābhi (bull, best, Ṛṣabha (proper noun))
- अभूत् (abhūt) - was, became
- सुतः (sutaḥ) - son
- द्विज (dvija) - vocative, addressing a Brahmin listener or reader (twice-born, Brahmin)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
वै (vai) - emphatic particle (indeed, certainly, surely)
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle
चतुर्युगावस्था (caturyugāvasthā) - the cycle of the four cosmic ages, which usually brings decline and change (state/condition of the four yugas)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of caturyugāvasthā
caturyugāvasthā - condition/state of the four yugas
Tatpuruṣa compound
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (caturyuga+avasthā)
- caturyuga – group of four yugas (Kṛta, Tretā, Dvāpara, Kali)
noun (neuter)
Dvigu compound (catur-yuga) - avasthā – state, condition, stage, situation
noun (feminine)
From root sthā (to stand) with prefix ava
Prefix: ava
Root: sthā (class 1)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
आर्तवाः (ārtavāḥ) - seasonal changes or influences (seasonal, produced by seasons, related to seasons)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ārtava
ārtava - seasonal, belonging to a season, produced in a season, menstrual discharge
Derived from ṛtu (season) with aṇ suffix
Note: Agreeing with ṛtavaḥ implicitly.
ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) - the six seasons of the year (seasons)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛtu
ṛtu - fixed time, season, period
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction
आग्नीध्र (āgnīdhra) - A specific king, son of Priyavrata and father of Nābhi (Agnidhra (proper noun))
(proper noun)
masculine, singular of āgnīdhra
āgnīdhra - (name of a king) Agnidhra
Note: Used as the first part of a genitive Tatpuruṣa compound 'āgnīdhra-sūnoḥ'.
सूनोः (sūnoḥ) - of Agnidhra's son (Nābhi) (of the son)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of sūnu
sūnu - son
From root sū (to beget)
Root: sū (class 2)
Note: Here part of a Tatpuruṣa compound 'āgnīdhra-sūnoḥ'.
नाभेः (nābheḥ) - of King Nābhi, father of Ṛṣabha (of Nābhi)
(proper noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of nābhi
nābhi - navel, hub, center, (proper name) Nābhi
तु (tu) - introduces a contrast or a new point in the narrative (but, indeed, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
Particle
ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - King Ṛṣabha, son of Nābhi (bull, best, Ṛṣabha (proper noun))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha
ṛṣabha - bull, chief, best, Lord Ṛṣabha (first Jain Tirthankara), a king's name
अभूत् (abhūt) - was, became
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū
Aorist active indicative
3rd person singular aorist (luṅ) active indicative, augment a- and root bhū.
Root: bhū (class 1)
सुतः (sutaḥ) - son
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of suta
suta - son, born, begotten
Past Passive Participle (from sū to beget), commonly used as noun
From root sū (to beget)
Root: sū (class 2)
द्विज (dvija) - vocative, addressing a Brahmin listener or reader (twice-born, Brahmin)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth, snake
Bahuvrīhi compound: dvi (twice) + ja (born)