मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-48, verse-40
हिंस्त्राहिंस्त्रे मृदुक्रूरे धर्माधर्मावृतानृते ।
तद्भाविताः प्रपद्यन्ते तस्मात्तत्तस्य रोचते ॥४०॥
तद्भाविताः प्रपद्यन्ते तस्मात्तत्तस्य रोचते ॥४०॥
40. hiṃstrāhiṃstre mṛdukrūre dharmādharmāvṛtānṛte .
tadbhāvitāḥ prapadyante tasmāttattasya rocate.
tadbhāvitāḥ prapadyante tasmāttattasya rocate.
40.
hiṃstra-ahiṃstre mṛdu-krūre dharma-adharma ṛta-anṛte
tadbhāvitāḥ prapadyante tasmāt tat tasya rocate
tadbhāvitāḥ prapadyante tasmāt tat tasya rocate
40.
Imbued with the qualities of being violent or non-violent, gentle or cruel, possessing an intrinsic nature (dharma) or its opposite (adharma), and being true or untrue, beings repeatedly attain these states. For this reason, each individual finds satisfaction in what they are accustomed to.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- हिंस्त्र-अहिंस्त्रे (hiṁstra-ahiṁstre) - qualities of being violent and non-violent (violent and non-violent)
- मृदु-क्रूरे (mṛdu-krūre) - qualities of being gentle and cruel (gentle and cruel)
- धर्म-अधर्म (dharma-adharma) - intrinsic nature (dharma) and its opposite (adharma) (righteousness and unrighteousness, natural law and its opposite)
- ऋत-अनृते (ṛta-anṛte) - being true or untrue (truth and untruth, cosmic order and disorder)
- तद्भाविताः (tadbhāvitāḥ) - imbued with these (qualities) (imbued with those, conditioned by those)
- प्रपद्यन्ते (prapadyante) - they repeatedly attain these states (they attain, they obtain)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - for this reason (therefore, from that)
- तत् (tat) - that (which they are accustomed to) (that)
- तस्य (tasya) - to each one (individual) (of him, to him, for him)
- रोचते (rocate) - it appeals to, it finds satisfaction in (it shines, it pleases, it likes)
Words meanings and morphology
हिंस्त्र-अहिंस्त्रे (hiṁstra-ahiṁstre) - qualities of being violent and non-violent (violent and non-violent)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of hiṃstra-ahiṃstra
hiṁstra-ahiṁstra - violent and non-violent
Compound type : dvandva (hiṃstra+ahiṃstra)
- hiṃstra – injuring, violent, hurtful
adjective (masculine)
Agent Noun/Adjective
Derived from root hiṃs (to injure)
Root: hiṃs (class 7) - ahiṃstra – non-injuring, non-violent, gentle
adjective (masculine)
Negation of hiṃstra
Prefix: a
Root: hiṃs (class 7)
Note: Refers to qualities of beings.
मृदु-क्रूरे (mṛdu-krūre) - qualities of being gentle and cruel (gentle and cruel)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of mṛdu-krūra
mṛdu-krūra - gentle and cruel
Compound type : dvandva (mṛdu+krūra)
- mṛdu – soft, gentle, mild
adjective (masculine) - krūra – cruel, harsh, fierce
adjective (masculine)
Note: Refers to qualities of beings.
धर्म-अधर्म (dharma-adharma) - intrinsic nature (dharma) and its opposite (adharma) (righteousness and unrighteousness, natural law and its opposite)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of dharma-adharma
dharma-adharma - righteousness and unrighteousness
Compound type : dvandva (dharma+adharma)
- dharma – righteousness, duty, law, intrinsic nature, constitution
noun (masculine)
Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - adharma – unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, vice
noun (masculine)
Negation of dharma
Prefix: a
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: dharma translated as 'intrinsic nature'.
ऋत-अनृते (ṛta-anṛte) - being true or untrue (truth and untruth, cosmic order and disorder)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, dual of ṛta-anṛta
ṛta-anṛta - truth and untruth
Compound type : dvandva (ṛta+anṛta)
- ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root ṛ (to go, to arise)
Root: ṛ (class 1) - anṛta – untruth, disorder, falsehood
noun (neuter)
Negation of ṛta
Prefix: an
Root: ṛ (class 1)
Note: These are presented as duals, referring to pairs of qualities.
तद्भाविताः (tadbhāvitāḥ) - imbued with these (qualities) (imbued with those, conditioned by those)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tadbhāvita
tadbhāvita - imbued with that, conditioned by that
Bahuvrihi compound: 'that by which one is conditioned'
Compound type : bahuvrihi (tad+bhāvita)
- tad – that, those
pronoun (neuter) - bhāvita – imbued, conditioned, produced
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root bhū (to be) in causative sense (bhāvayati)
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Refers to the beings mentioned in the previous verse.
प्रपद्यन्ते (prapadyante) - they repeatedly attain these states (they attain, they obtain)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of prapad
Prefix: pra
Root: pad (class 4)
Note: Repetition implied from context of the previous verse's 'punaḥ punaḥ'.
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - for this reason (therefore, from that)
(pronoun)
Ablative, singular of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Used as an indeclinable 'therefore'.
तत् (tat) - that (which they are accustomed to) (that)
(pronoun)
neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Refers to the acquired nature or disposition.
तस्य (tasya) - to each one (individual) (of him, to him, for him)
(pronoun)
masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, it
Note: In combination with rocate, it functions as a dative: 'to him it pleases'.
रोचते (rocate) - it appeals to, it finds satisfaction in (it shines, it pleases, it likes)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of ruc
Root: ruc (class 1)
Note: Middle voice verb, often used with dative to mean 'to be pleasing to'.