मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-48, verse-23
वर्णेन कपिलेनोग्रास्ते भूताः पिशिताशनाः ।
ध्यायतो गां ततस्तस्य गन्धर्वा जज्ञिरे सुताः ॥२३॥
ध्यायतो गां ततस्तस्य गन्धर्वा जज्ञिरे सुताः ॥२३॥
23. varṇena kapilenogrāste bhūtāḥ piśitāśanāḥ .
dhyāyato gāṃ tatastasya gandharvā jajñire sutāḥ.
dhyāyato gāṃ tatastasya gandharvā jajñire sutāḥ.
23.
varṇena kapilena ugrāḥ te bhūtāḥ piśitāśanāḥ |
dhyāyataḥ gām tatas tasya gandharvāḥ jajñire sutāḥ
dhyāyataḥ gām tatas tasya gandharvāḥ jajñire sutāḥ
23.
Those fierce flesh-eating beings, tawny in color, were created. Then, while he meditated on speech, his sons, the Gandharvas, were born.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वर्णेन (varṇena) - by color (by color, by caste, by appearance)
- कपिलेन (kapilena) - by the tawny/brownish color (by the tawny/brownish (one))
- उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - fierce (beings) (fierce, terrible, mighty (ones))
- ते (te) - those (beings) (those, they)
- भूताः (bhūtāḥ) - beings (referring to fierce spirits like Pisacas or Rakshasas) (beings, creatures, spirits, ghosts)
- पिशिताशनाः (piśitāśanāḥ) - flesh-eaters (referring to the fierce beings) (flesh-eaters)
- ध्यायतः (dhyāyataḥ) - while he (Brahma) meditated (of one meditating, while meditating)
- गाम् (gām) - speech or sound/melody (speech, sound, cow, earth)
- ततस् (tatas) - then, thereupon (then, from that, thereupon)
- तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Brahma) (his, of him, that)
- गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas (Gandharvas (celestial musicians))
- जज्ञिरे (jajñire) - were born
- सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, offspring)
Words meanings and morphology
वर्णेन (varṇena) - by color (by color, by caste, by appearance)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of varṇa
varṇa - color, caste, class, appearance
कपिलेन (kapilena) - by the tawny/brownish color (by the tawny/brownish (one))
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of kapila
kapila - tawny, brownish, reddish-brown
Note: Agrees with 'varṇena'.
उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - fierce (beings) (fierce, terrible, mighty (ones))
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ugra
ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty, powerful
Note: Agrees with 'bhūtāḥ'.
ते (te) - those (beings) (those, they)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
भूताः (bhūtāḥ) - beings (referring to fierce spirits like Pisacas or Rakshasas) (beings, creatures, spirits, ghosts)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of bhūta
bhūta - being, creature, spirit, ghost
Past Passive Participle
From root 'bhū' (to be, exist). Formed with suffix -ta.
Root: bhū (class 1)
पिशिताशनाः (piśitāśanāḥ) - flesh-eaters (referring to the fierce beings) (flesh-eaters)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of piśitāśana
piśitāśana - flesh-eater
Compound word
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (piśita+aśana)
- piśita – flesh, meat
noun (neuter) - aśana – eating, food
noun (neuter)
From root 'aś' (to eat)
Root: aś (class 9)
ध्यायतः (dhyāyataḥ) - while he (Brahma) meditated (of one meditating, while meditating)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of dhyāyat
dhyāyat - meditating, thinking
Present Active Participle
From root 'dhyai' (to meditate), Genitive singular of the participle, indicating the agent of the action 'while he was meditating'.
Root: dhyai (class 1)
गाम् (gām) - speech or sound/melody (speech, sound, cow, earth)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of go
go - cow, earth, speech, sound, ray
Note: Object of meditation.
ततस् (tatas) - then, thereupon (then, from that, thereupon)
(indeclinable)
तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Brahma) (his, of him, that)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, his, of him
Note: Refers to the creator (Brahma).
गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas (Gandharvas (celestial musicians))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva
gandharva - celestial musician, demi-god
जज्ञिरे (jajñire) - were born
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of jan
Perfect tense, middle voice
From root 'jan' (to be born), Perfect third person plural, middle voice.
Root: jan (class 4)
सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, offspring)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of suta
suta - son, offspring
From root 'sū' (to bring forth, to beget)
Root: sū (class 2)