मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-48, verse-29
गौरजः पुरुषो मेषो अश्वाश्वतरगर्दभाः ।
एतान् ग्राम्यान् पशूनाहुरारण्यांश्च निबोध मे ॥२९॥
एतान् ग्राम्यान् पशूनाहुरारण्यांश्च निबोध मे ॥२९॥
29. gaurajaḥ puruṣo meṣo aśvāśvataragardabhāḥ .
etān grāmyān paśūnāhurāraṇyāṃśca nibodha me.
etān grāmyān paśūnāhurāraṇyāṃśca nibodha me.
29.
gauḥ ajaḥ puruṣaḥ meṣaḥ aśva aśvatara gardabhāḥ
| etān grāmyān paśūn āhuḥ āraṇyān ca nibodha me
| etān grāmyān paśūn āhuḥ āraṇyān ca nibodha me
29.
Cows, goats, humans (puruṣaḥ), sheep, horses, mules, and donkeys—these are called domestic animals. Now, learn from me about the wild ones.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- गौः (gauḥ) - cow, bull, ox
- अजः (ajaḥ) - goat, ram
- पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man, human being, person (puruṣa)
- मेषः (meṣaḥ) - ram, sheep
- अश्व (aśva) - horse
- अश्वतर (aśvatara) - mule
- गर्दभाः (gardabhāḥ) - donkeys
- एतान् (etān) - these (masculine)
- ग्राम्यान् (grāmyān) - domestic, village-dwelling
- पशून् (paśūn) - animals, cattle
- आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call
- आरण्यान् (āraṇyān) - wild, forest-dwelling
- च (ca) - and
- निबोध (nibodha) - know, understand, learn
- मे (me) - from me, my
Words meanings and morphology
गौः (gauḥ) - cow, bull, ox
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of go
go - cow, bull, ox, earth, speech, ray
Note: Used here in a generic sense for cattle.
अजः (ajaḥ) - goat, ram
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aja
aja - goat, ram, unborn, leader, god Brahmā (as unborn)
Root: aj (class 1)
पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man, human being, person (puruṣa)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa
puruṣa - man, male, human being, person, soul, spirit, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)
Root: pṛ (class 3)
मेषः (meṣaḥ) - ram, sheep
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of meṣa
meṣa - ram, sheep
Root: miṣ (class 1)
अश्व (aśva) - horse
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aśva
aśva - horse
Root: aś (class 5)
अश्वतर (aśvatara) - mule
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatara
aśvatara - mule
Note: Part of the list.
गर्दभाः (gardabhāḥ) - donkeys
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of gardabha
gardabha - donkey, ass
Note: Forms a list with the preceding nouns, effectively making them a collective plural subject.
एतान् (etān) - these (masculine)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Note: Refers to the list of animals just given.
ग्राम्यान् (grāmyān) - domestic, village-dwelling
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of grāmya
grāmya - belonging to a village, rustic, domestic
पशून् (paśūn) - animals, cattle
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of paśu
paśu - cattle, animal, beast
आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah
perfect tense (liṭ)
3rd person plural parasmaipada (active voice)
Root: ah (class 2)
Note: Often used for 'it is said' or 'they designate'.
आरण्यान् (āraṇyān) - wild, forest-dwelling
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of āraṇya
āraṇya - belonging to the forest, wild
Derived from araṇya (forest).
Note: Adjective agreeing with an implied paśūn.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
निबोध (nibodha) - know, understand, learn
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of budh
imperative (loṭ)
2nd person singular parasmaipada (active voice) with prefix ni
Prefix: ni
Root: budh (class 1)
Note: Addressed to the listener.
मे (me) - from me, my
(pronoun)
Dative, singular of asmad
asmad - I, we
enclitic form of asmad (first person pronoun)
Note: Can also be genitive, but dative 'to me' or 'for me' is common with verbs of telling/knowing.