मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-48, verse-20
रक्षाम इति तेभ्योऽन्ये य ऊचुस्ते तु राक्षसाः ।
खादाम इति ये चोचुस्ते यक्षा यक्षणात् द्विज ॥२०॥
खादाम इति ये चोचुस्ते यक्षा यक्षणात् द्विज ॥२०॥
20. rakṣāma iti tebhyo'nye ya ūcuste tu rākṣasāḥ .
khādāma iti ye cocuste yakṣā yakṣaṇāt dvija.
khādāma iti ye cocuste yakṣā yakṣaṇāt dvija.
20.
rakṣāma iti tebhyaḥ anye ye ūcuḥ te tu rākṣasāḥ
khādāma iti ye ca ūcuḥ te yakṣāḥ yakṣaṇāt dvija
khādāma iti ye ca ūcuḥ te yakṣāḥ yakṣaṇāt dvija
20.
O twice-born (dvija), those among them who said, "Let us protect!" became known as Rākṣasas. And those who said, "Let us eat!" became Yakṣas, named from their act of devouring.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- रक्षाम (rakṣāma) - (they said) "Let us protect" (let us protect, we protect)
- इति (iti) - "..." thus (marking a quotation) (thus, so, in this manner)
- तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from among them (ablative sense of selection) (to them, from them)
- अन्ये (anye) - others (among them) (others, different)
- ये (ye) - those who (who, which (plural masculine nominative))
- ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - (those) who said (they said)
- ते (te) - those (who said "rakṣāma") (they, those)
- तु (tu) - however, indeed (emphasizing the contrast/specification) (but, indeed, however)
- राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - (they became) Rākṣasas (demons, evil spirits, Rākṣasas)
- खादाम (khādāma) - (they said) "Let us eat" (let us eat, we eat)
- इति (iti) - "..." thus (marking a quotation) (thus, so, in this manner)
- ये (ye) - those who (who, which (plural masculine nominative))
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - (those) who said (they said)
- ते (te) - those (who said "khādāma") (they, those)
- यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - (they became) Yakṣas (Yakṣas (a class of demigods, sometimes associated with wealth, sometimes with nature spirits))
- यक्षणात् (yakṣaṇāt) - from the act of eating/devouring (referring to "khādāma") (from eating, from worshipping)
- द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (addressing the listener, usually Maitreya or another sage) (O twice-born, O Brahmin)
Words meanings and morphology
रक्षाम (rakṣāma) - (they said) "Let us protect" (let us protect, we protect)
(verb)
1st person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of rakṣ
Root verb, 1st class.
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Quotation.
इति (iti) - "..." thus (marking a quotation) (thus, so, in this manner)
(indeclinable)
Particle marking quotation or conclusion.
तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from among them (ablative sense of selection) (to them, from them)
(pronoun)
Ablative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Ablative for 'from among them'.
अन्ये (anye) - others (among them) (others, different)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of anya
anya - other, different, another
Indefinite pronoun.
Note: Subject of 'ūcuḥ'.
ये (ye) - those who (who, which (plural masculine nominative))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Relative pronoun.
Note: Refers to 'anye'.
ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - (those) who said (they said)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac
Perfect tense form of √vac.
Root: vac (class 2)
ते (te) - those (who said "rakṣāma") (they, those)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Correlative to 'ye'.
तु (tu) - however, indeed (emphasizing the contrast/specification) (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
Particle.
राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - (they became) Rākṣasas (demons, evil spirits, Rākṣasas)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa
rākṣasa - a demon, evil spirit, Rākṣasa
Often associated with "rakṣāmaḥ" (we protect) in etymologies, or conversely "rakṣāṃsi" as "those who protect their existence/life by eating others". The current context suggests those who protected (the body).
Note: Predicate nominative.
खादाम (khādāma) - (they said) "Let us eat" (let us eat, we eat)
(verb)
1st person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of khād
Root verb, 1st class.
Root: khād (class 1)
Note: Quotation.
इति (iti) - "..." thus (marking a quotation) (thus, so, in this manner)
(indeclinable)
Particle marking quotation or conclusion.
ये (ye) - those who (who, which (plural masculine nominative))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Relative pronoun.
Note: Refers to 'anye' implicit.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - (those) who said (they said)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac
Perfect tense form of √vac.
Root: vac (class 2)
ते (te) - those (who said "khādāma") (they, those)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Correlative to 'ye'.
यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - (they became) Yakṣas (Yakṣas (a class of demigods, sometimes associated with wealth, sometimes with nature spirits))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yakṣa
yakṣa - a class of demigods, a mythical being, a celestial being, tree spirit
Derived from √yakṣ (to eat, to worship, to strive).
Note: Predicate nominative.
यक्षणात् (yakṣaṇāt) - from the act of eating/devouring (referring to "khādāma") (from eating, from worshipping)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of yakṣaṇa
yakṣaṇa - eating, sacrificing, striving
verbal noun
Derived from √yakṣ (to eat, to worship).
Root: yakṣ (class 1)
Note: Indicates the reason for their name.
द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (addressing the listener, usually Maitreya or another sage) (O twice-born, O Brahmin)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (epithet for Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya; also bird, tooth)
Compound: dvi (twice) + ja (born).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two, twice
indeclinable - ja – born, produced from
adjective (masculine)
Derived from root jan (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Addressed to the recipient of the narration.