मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-48, verse-22
सर्पणात्तेऽभवन् सर्पा हीनत्वादहयः स्मृताः ।
सर्पान् दृष्ट्वा ततः क्रोधात् क्रोधात्मानो विनिर्ममे ॥२२॥
सर्पान् दृष्ट्वा ततः क्रोधात् क्रोधात्मानो विनिर्ममे ॥२२॥
22. sarpaṇātte'bhavan sarpā hīnatvādahayaḥ smṛtāḥ .
sarpān dṛṣṭvā tataḥ krodhāt krodhātmāno vinirmame.
sarpān dṛṣṭvā tataḥ krodhāt krodhātmāno vinirmame.
22.
sarpaṇāt te abhavan sarpāḥ hīnatvāt ahayaḥ smṛtāḥ
sarpān dṛṣṭvā tataḥ krodhāt krodhātmanaḥ vinirmame
sarpān dṛṣṭvā tataḥ krodhāt krodhātmanaḥ vinirmame
22.
From their creeping motion (sarpaṇa), they became serpents (sarpa). And due to their degradation or being cast off (hīnatvāt), they are known as 'ahaya' (snakes). Then, seeing these serpents, he (Brahmā), out of his anger, created beings whose very nature was anger (krodhātmanaḥ).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सर्पणात् (sarpaṇāt) - from the act of creeping (on the ground) (from creeping, from crawling)
- ते (te) - those (hairs, which became serpents) (they, those)
- अभवन् (abhavan) - they became (serpents) (they became, they were)
- सर्पाः (sarpāḥ) - they became serpents (serpents, snakes)
- हीनत्वात् (hīnatvāt) - due to their degradation/being cast off (referring to their origin from discarded hairs and inability to rise) (from being deficient, due to degradation, because of being left behind)
- अहयः (ahayaḥ) - they are called 'ahaya' (snakes, specifically referring to footless ones) (snakes (literally 'non-movers' or 'without feet/legs'))
- स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - they are known/called (remembered, known, called)
- सर्पान् (sarpān) - the serpents (object of seeing) (serpents, snakes (accusative plural))
- दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (the serpents) (having seen, seeing)
- ततः (tataḥ) - then (sequencing of events) (then, thence, from that)
- क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - from his anger (Brahmā's anger) (from anger, out of anger)
- क्रोधात्मनः (krodhātmanaḥ) - beings whose nature was anger, embodiments of anger (of angry nature, consisting of anger, embodying anger)
- विनिर्ममे (vinirmame) - he (Brahmā) created (those beings) (he created, he fashioned, he formed)
Words meanings and morphology
सर्पणात् (sarpaṇāt) - from the act of creeping (on the ground) (from creeping, from crawling)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of sarpaṇa
sarpaṇa - creeping, crawling, moving slowly
verbal noun
Derived from √sṛp (to creep, crawl).
Root: sṛp (class 1)
Note: Indicates the reason for their name 'sarpa'.
ते (te) - those (hairs, which became serpents) (they, those)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Subject of 'abhavan'.
अभवन् (abhavan) - they became (serpents) (they became, they were)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū
Imperfect past tense form of √bhū.
Root: bhū (class 1)
सर्पाः (sarpāḥ) - they became serpents (serpents, snakes)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarpa
sarpa - serpent, snake, crawling animal
From √sṛp (to creep, crawl).
Root: sṛp (class 1)
हीनत्वात् (hīnatvāt) - due to their degradation/being cast off (referring to their origin from discarded hairs and inability to rise) (from being deficient, due to degradation, because of being left behind)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of hīnatva
hīnatva - deficiency, degradation, being inferior, lowliness
From hīna (degraded) + -tva (suffix forming abstract noun).
Note: Indicates the reason for their name 'ahaya'.
अहयः (ahayaḥ) - they are called 'ahaya' (snakes, specifically referring to footless ones) (snakes (literally 'non-movers' or 'without feet/legs'))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ahi
ahi - snake, serpent, dragon, cloud
The etymology given is from 'a' (negative) + 'haya' (from root 'hi' meaning to go/move quickly), implying 'those who do not move quickly' or 'those who do not have horses/chariots'. The verse plays on 'hīna' (degraded/lacking) to explain 'ahi'.
Note: Predicate nominative for 'smṛtāḥ'.
स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - they are known/called (remembered, known, called)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, recollected, called, known
Past Passive Participle
From root smṛ (to remember).
Root: smṛ (class 1)
Note: Ppp.
सर्पान् (sarpān) - the serpents (object of seeing) (serpents, snakes (accusative plural))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of sarpa
sarpa - serpent, snake
From √sṛp (to creep, crawl).
Root: sṛp (class 1)
Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.
दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (the serpents) (having seen, seeing)
(indeclinable)
absolutive/gerund
Absolutive form of √dṛś.
Root: dṛś (class 1)
Note: Absolutive.
ततः (tataḥ) - then (sequencing of events) (then, thence, from that)
(indeclinable)
Adverb.
क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - from his anger (Brahmā's anger) (from anger, out of anger)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of krodha
krodha - anger, wrath, fury
From √krudh (to be angry).
Root: krudh (class 4)
Note: Indicates the origin of the next creation.
क्रोधात्मनः (krodhātmanaḥ) - beings whose nature was anger, embodiments of anger (of angry nature, consisting of anger, embodying anger)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of krodhātman
krodhātman - of angry disposition, one whose nature is anger, embodiment of anger
Bahuvrīhi compound: krodha (anger) + ātman (self/nature).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krodha+ātman)
- krodha – anger, wrath
noun (masculine)
Root: krudh (class 4) - ātman – self, soul, essence, nature
noun (masculine)
Note: Object of 'vinirmame'.
विनिर्ममे (vinirmame) - he (Brahmā) created (those beings) (he created, he fashioned, he formed)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, perfect past (liṭ) of mā
Perfect tense, middle voice, from vi-nir-√mā.
Prefixes: vi+nir
Root: mā (class 2)
Note: The middle voice often implies the action is for oneself.