मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-48, verse-14
ज्योत्स्तना सन्ध्या तथैवाह---सत्त्वमात्रात्मकं त्रयम् ।
तमोमात्रात्मिका रात्रिः सा वै तस्मात् त्रियामिका ॥१४॥
तमोमात्रात्मिका रात्रिः सा वै तस्मात् त्रियामिका ॥१४॥
14. jyotstanā sandhyā tathaivāha---sattvamātrātmakaṃ trayam .
tamomātrātmikā rātriḥ sā vai tasmāt triyāmikā.
tamomātrātmikā rātriḥ sā vai tasmāt triyāmikā.
14.
jyotsnā sandhyā tathā eva ahaḥ sattvamātrātmakam
trayam tamaḥmātrātmikā rātriḥ sā vai tasmāt triyāmikā
trayam tamaḥmātrātmikā rātriḥ sā vai tasmāt triyāmikā
14.
Moonlight, Twilight, and also Day—these three are fundamentally constituted by the quality of sattva. Night, however, is constituted by the quality of tamas. Therefore, Night is indeed known as lasting for three watches.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ज्योत्स्ना (jyotsnā) - moonlight, radiance, luminosity
- सन्ध्या (sandhyā) - junction, twilight, evening/morning devotion
- तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, and so
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even
- अहः (ahaḥ) - day
- सत्त्वमात्रात्मकम् (sattvamātrātmakam) - whose nature is consisting of the quality of sattva, fundamentally constituted by sattva
- त्रयम् (trayam) - triad, group of three
- तमःमात्रात्मिका (tamaḥmātrātmikā) - whose nature is consisting of the quality of tamas, fundamentally constituted by tamas
- रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night
- सा (sā) - that, she
- वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, thence
- त्रियामिका (triyāmikā) - consisting of three watches, three-watched
Words meanings and morphology
ज्योत्स्ना (jyotsnā) - moonlight, radiance, luminosity
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of jyotsnā
jyotsnā - moonlight, radiance, luminosity
सन्ध्या (sandhyā) - junction, twilight, evening/morning devotion
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sandhyā
sandhyā - junction, twilight (morning or evening), period of transition, devotional rites performed at twilight
From sam- + √dhā
Prefix: sam
Root: dhā (class 3)
तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, and so
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even
(indeclinable)
अहः (ahaḥ) - day
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan
ahan - day
Stem is 'ahar' in visarga sandhi forms
सत्त्वमात्रात्मकम् (sattvamātrātmakam) - whose nature is consisting of the quality of sattva, fundamentally constituted by sattva
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sattvamātrātmaka
sattvamātrātmaka - whose nature is consisting of the quality of sattva, fundamentally constituted by sattva
Compound type : bahuvrihi (sattva+mātrā+ātmaka)
- sattva – goodness, purity, reality, existence, one of the three gunas (qualities) of prakriti
noun (neuter) - mātrā – measure, amount, element, particle
noun (feminine) - ātmaka – pertaining to the self, whose nature is, constituting
adjective (masculine)
Derived from ātman + ka suffix
Note: Agrees with trayam.
त्रयम् (trayam) - triad, group of three
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of traya
traya - triad, group of three, threefold
तमःमात्रात्मिका (tamaḥmātrātmikā) - whose nature is consisting of the quality of tamas, fundamentally constituted by tamas
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tamaḥmātrātmika
tamaḥmātrātmika - whose nature is consisting of the quality of tamas, fundamentally constituted by tamas
Compound type : bahuvrihi (tamas+mātrā+ātmika)
- tamas – darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three gunas (qualities) of prakriti
noun (neuter) - mātrā – measure, amount, element, particle
noun (feminine) - ātmika – pertaining to the self, whose nature is, constituting
adjective (masculine)
Derived from ātman + ka suffix
Note: Agrees with rātriḥ.
रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri
rātri - night
सा (sā) - that, she
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to rātriḥ.
वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily
(indeclinable)
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, thence
(pronoun)
Ablative, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
त्रियामिका (triyāmikā) - consisting of three watches, three-watched
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of triyāmikā
triyāmikā - consisting of three watches, three-watched, lasting three watches
Derived from tri (three) + yāma (a watch, a division of time; a night traditionally has four yāmas) + -ika (suffix meaning 'pertaining to'). The term signifies a night considered to have three significant watches, perhaps excluding the morning watch or being referred to in a specific context of three main divisions of night.
Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+yāmika)
- tri – three
numeral - yāmika – pertaining to a watch (of the night), lasting for a watch
adjective (feminine)
Derived from yāma (a watch/division of night) + -ika
Note: Agrees with rātriḥ.