मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-133, verse-24
अशस्त्रं च तपस्यन्तं क्षत्रियोऽसि निवर्तताम् ।
ततो निवृत्य स दमं योधयामास सानुजः ॥२४॥
ततो निवृत्य स दमं योधयामास सानुजः ॥२४॥
24. aśastraṃ ca tapasyantaṃ kṣatriyo'si nivartatām .
tato nivṛtya sa damaṃ yodhayāmāsa sānujaḥ.
tato nivṛtya sa damaṃ yodhayāmāsa sānujaḥ.
24.
aśastram ca tapasyantam kṣatriyaḥ asi nivartatām
tataḥ nivṛtya saḥ damam yodhayāmāsa sānujah
tataḥ nivṛtya saḥ damam yodhayāmāsa sānujah
24.
Let a kṣatriya turn back from attacking an unarmed individual practicing austerities (tapas). Then, having desisted from such an action, he, along with his younger brother, engaged Dama in battle.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अशस्त्रम् (aśastram) - unarmed, weaponless
- च (ca) - and, also
- तपस्यन्तम् (tapasyantam) - performing austerities, practicing asceticism, ascetic
- क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - warrior, member of the kṣatriya varna (social class), king
- असि (asi) - you are
- निवर्तताम् (nivartatām) - let him turn back, let him desist
- ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that
- निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having ceased, having desisted
- सः (saḥ) - Refers to the kṣatriya (Suhotra) mentioned implicitly or explicitly previously. (he, that)
- दमम् (damam) - Dama (a proper name)
- योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - he fought, he caused to fight, he engaged in battle
- सानुजह् (sānujah) - with his younger brother, accompanied by a younger brother
Words meanings and morphology
अशस्त्रम् (aśastram) - unarmed, weaponless
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of aśastra
aśastra - unarmed, weaponless, without arms
Compound: a (negation) + śastra (weapon)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+śastra)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - śastra – weapon, arm, tool
noun (neuter)
Root: śas (class 2)
Note: Adjective modifying an implied person, here taken as masculine singular accusative.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
तपस्यन्तम् (tapasyantam) - performing austerities, practicing asceticism, ascetic
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tapasyat
tapasyat - performing austerities (tapas), practicing asceticism
Present Active Participle
Derived from the denominative verb tapasyati (to perform austerities), root tapas + ya (denominative suffix) + śatṛ (present active participle suffix)
Root: tapas (noun acting as root)
Note: Present active participle.
क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - warrior, member of the kṣatriya varna (social class), king
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - warrior, member of the kṣatriya social class, king
असि (asi) - you are
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as
Root: as (class 2)
निवर्तताम् (nivartatām) - let him turn back, let him desist
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of nivṛt
Prefix: ni
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Form from vṛt (to turn, exist) with ni prefix.
ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that
(indeclinable)
निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having ceased, having desisted
(indeclinable)
absolutive / gerund
Derived from ni + vṛt with the lyap suffix (when a prefix is present)
Prefix: ni
Root: vṛt (class 1)
सः (saḥ) - Refers to the kṣatriya (Suhotra) mentioned implicitly or explicitly previously. (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Masculine nominative singular of tad.
दमम् (damam) - Dama (a proper name)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - Dama (a proper name); self-control, restraint
Root: dam (class 4)
योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - he fought, he caused to fight, he engaged in battle
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yudh
Perfect, Causative
Periphrastic Perfect of the Causative stem yodhaya (from root yudh)
Root: yudh (class 4)
Note: Periphrastic perfect form.
सानुजह् (sānujah) - with his younger brother, accompanied by a younger brother
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sānuja
sānuja - with a younger brother, accompanied by a younger brother
Bahuvrihi compound: sa (with) + anuja (younger brother)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+anuja)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable - anuja – younger brother
noun (masculine)
anu (after) + jan (to be born)
Prefix: anu
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Adjective modifying the subject saḥ (he).