मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-133, verse-23
स स्वामिनं ततः प्राह दमः शत्रुं दमस्तथा ।
क्व यासि दुष्ट पितरं घातयित्वा तपस्विनम् ॥२३॥
क्व यासि दुष्ट पितरं घातयित्वा तपस्विनम् ॥२३॥
23. sa svāminaṃ tataḥ prāha damaḥ śatruṃ damastathā .
kva yāsi duṣṭa pitaraṃ ghātayitvā tapasvinam.
kva yāsi duṣṭa pitaraṃ ghātayitvā tapasvinam.
23.
saḥ svāminam tataḥ prāha damaḥ śatrum dama tathā
kva yāsi duṣṭa pitaram ghātayitvā tapasvinam
kva yāsi duṣṭa pitaram ghātayitvā tapasvinam
23.
Then Dama said to his lord, the enemy: 'O Dama, where are you going, wicked one, having killed the ascetic father?'
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सः (saḥ) - Refers to the hero Dama. (he, that)
- स्वामिनम् (svāminam) - The person Dama addresses, possibly referring to the defeated commander as 'his lord' (sarcastically or literally, perhaps implying his allegiance to Vapuṣmat). (master, lord, owner)
- ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from there
- प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke
- दमः (damaḥ) - The hero Dama who is speaking. (Dama (proper name), self-control)
- शत्रुम् (śatrum) - Refers to the defeated army commander, who is the enemy. It is in apposition to `svāminam`. (enemy, foe)
- दम (dama) - Vocative, addressing the defeated army commander, whose name is implied to be Dama, or used sarcastically. (O Dama, self-control)
- तथा (tathā) - Introduces the direct speech that follows. (thus, so, in that manner)
- क्व (kva) - where?
- यासि (yāsi) - you go, you proceed
- दुष्ट (duṣṭa) - Vocative, addressing the enemy commander. (wicked one, villain, corrupted)
- पितरम् (pitaram) - The father who was killed by the enemy. (father)
- घातयित्वा (ghātayitvā) - having killed, after killing
- तपस्विनम् (tapasvinam) - The father who was an ascetic. (ascetic, sage, hermit)
Words meanings and morphology
सः (saḥ) - Refers to the hero Dama. (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
स्वामिनम् (svāminam) - The person Dama addresses, possibly referring to the defeated commander as 'his lord' (sarcastically or literally, perhaps implying his allegiance to Vapuṣmat). (master, lord, owner)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of svāmin
svāmin - master, lord, owner
ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from there
(indeclinable)
प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bru
Perfect tense, active voice
Reduplicated perfect form of root `bru` (class 2) with prefix `pra`. Root `ah` (perfect of `brū`) forms `āha`.
Prefix: pra
Root: bru (class 2)
दमः (damaḥ) - The hero Dama who is speaking. (Dama (proper name), self-control)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - Dama (proper name), self-control, restraint
Root: dam (class 4)
Note: Subject of `prāha`.
शत्रुम् (śatrum) - Refers to the defeated army commander, who is the enemy. It is in apposition to `svāminam`. (enemy, foe)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru
śatru - enemy, foe, rival
दम (dama) - Vocative, addressing the defeated army commander, whose name is implied to be Dama, or used sarcastically. (O Dama, self-control)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - Dama (proper name), self-control, restraint
Root: dam (class 4)
तथा (tathā) - Introduces the direct speech that follows. (thus, so, in that manner)
(indeclinable)
क्व (kva) - where?
(indeclinable)
यासि (yāsi) - you go, you proceed
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā
Present tense, active voice
Present tense, 2nd person singular, active voice of root `yā` (class 2).
Root: yā (class 2)
दुष्ट (duṣṭa) - Vocative, addressing the enemy commander. (wicked one, villain, corrupted)
(adjective)
Vocative, masculine, singular of duṣṭa
duṣṭa - wicked, evil, corrupted, bad
Past Passive Participle
From root `duṣ` (to be corrupt) with `kta` suffix.
Root: duṣ (class 4)
पितरम् (pitaram) - The father who was killed by the enemy. (father)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ
pitṛ - father
घातयित्वा (ghātayitvā) - having killed, after killing
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
From causative of root `han` (to strike, kill), with `tvā` suffix for absolutives.
Root: han (class 2)
तपस्विनम् (tapasvinam) - The father who was an ascetic. (ascetic, sage, hermit)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tapasvin
tapasvin - ascetic, sage, hermit, one who practices austerity (tapas)
Derived from `tapas` (asceticism) with suffix `vin`.
Note: Adjective modifying `pitaram`.