मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-133, verse-22
हृदि विव्याध च दम इषुणागाद्यमान्तिकम् ।
तस्मिन्निपतिते सैन्यं पलायनपरं ह्यभूत् ॥२२॥
तस्मिन्निपतिते सैन्यं पलायनपरं ह्यभूत् ॥२२॥
22. hṛdi vivyādha ca dama iṣuṇāgādyamāntikam .
tasminnipatite sainyaṃ palāyanaparaṃ hyabhūt.
tasminnipatite sainyaṃ palāyanaparaṃ hyabhūt.
22.
hṛdi vivyādha ca damaḥ iṣuṇā agāt yamāntikam
tasmin nipatitē sainyam palāyanaparam hi abhūt
tasmin nipatitē sainyam palāyanaparam hi abhūt
22.
And Dama pierced him in the heart with an arrow, sending him to his death. When he had fallen, the army indeed became intent on fleeing.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind
- विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck
- च (ca) - and, also
- दमः (damaḥ) - The warrior Dama. (Dama)
- इषुणा (iṣuṇā) - with an arrow
- अगात् (agāt) - Reached Yama, i.e., died. (went, reached)
- यमान्तिकम् (yamāntikam) - To the realm of the god of death (Yama). (to the proximity of Yama, to death)
- तस्मिन् (tasmin) - Refers to the commander who was struck, indicating a locative absolute construction. (in him, when he)
- निपतिते (nipatitē) - Refers to the commander having fallen in battle. (having fallen, fallen down)
- सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the army, the host
- पलायनपरम् (palāyanaparam) - intent on fleeing, dedicated to flight
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for
- अभूत् (abhūt) - became, was
Words meanings and morphology
हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd
hṛd - heart, mind, breast
विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vyadh
Perfect tense, active voice
Reduplicated perfect form of `vyadh` (class 4).
Root: vyadh (class 4)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
दमः (damaḥ) - The warrior Dama. (Dama)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - Dama (proper name), self-control, restraint
Root: dam (class 4)
Note: The subject of the verb `vivyādha`.
इषुणा (iṣuṇā) - with an arrow
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of iṣu
iṣu - arrow
अगात् (agāt) - Reached Yama, i.e., died. (went, reached)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (aorist) (luṅ) of gam
Imperfect tense, active voice (aorist)
Aorist form (luṅ) of root `gam` (class 1). The augment `a` is prefixed for aorist.
Root: gam (class 1)
यमान्तिकम् (yamāntikam) - To the realm of the god of death (Yama). (to the proximity of Yama, to death)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of yamāntika
yamāntika - proximity to Yama, end of life
Compound type : tatpurusha (yama+antika)
- yama – Yama (the god of death), restraint
proper noun (masculine)
Root: yam (class 1) - antika – near, proximity, end
noun (neuter)
Note: Acts as an adverbial accusative of place/goal.
तस्मिन् (tasmin) - Refers to the commander who was struck, indicating a locative absolute construction. (in him, when he)
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Part of the locative absolute construction.
निपतिते (nipatitē) - Refers to the commander having fallen in battle. (having fallen, fallen down)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of nipatita
nipatita - fallen down, descended
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root `pat` (to fall) with prefix `ni`.
Prefix: ni
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Part of the locative absolute construction (`tasmin nipatitē`).
सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the army, the host
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya
sainya - army, host, military
Derived from `senā` (army).
Note: Subject of `abhūt`.
पलायनपरम् (palāyanaparam) - intent on fleeing, dedicated to flight
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of palāyanapara
palāyanapara - intent on fleeing, focused on flight
Compound type : tatpurusha (palāyana+para)
- palāyana – flight, escape, fleeing
noun (neuter)
Nominalization of verb `palāy` (to flee).
Derived from `palāy` (to flee) using suffix `ana`.
Prefix: parā
Root: ay (class 1) - para – chief, principal, devoted to, intent on
adjective (neuter)
Note: Adjective modifying `sainyam`.
हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
अभूत् (abhūt) - became, was
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (aorist) (luṅ) of bhū
Imperfect tense, active voice (aorist)
Aorist form (luṅ) of root `bhū` (class 1). The augment `a` is prefixed for aorist.
Root: bhū (class 1)