महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-54, verse-20

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा गदामादाय वीर्यवान् ।
भीमसेनमभिप्रेक्ष्य गजो गजमिवाह्वयत् ॥२०॥

20. tato duryodhano rājā gadāmādāya vīryavān ,
bhīmasenamabhiprekṣya gajo gajamivāhvayat.

20. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ rājā gadām ādaya vīryavān
bhīmasenam abhiprekṣya gajaḥ gajam iva āhvayat

20. tataḥ vīryavān rājā duryodhanaḥ gadām ādāya
bhīmasenam abhiprekṣya gajaḥ gajam iva āhvayat

20. Then, the powerful King Duryodhana, taking his mace, challenged Bhimasena, just as one elephant challenges another.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thence, from that)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince))

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Duryodhana) (king)

• गदाम् (gadām) - (his) mace (mace, club)

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (his mace) (having taken, taking, seizing)

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant, powerful (referring to Duryodhana) (powerful, valorous, heroic, energetic)

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhimasena (Bhimasena (name of a Pandava prince))

• अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - looking directly at, targeting (having seen, having perceived, having looked towards)

• गजः (gajaḥ) - an elephant (elephant)

• गजम् (gajam) - another elephant (elephant)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• आह्वयत् (āhvayat) - challenged (challenged, called, invoked)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest of the Kauravas)

राजा (rājā) - the king (Duryodhana) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Root: rāj

गदाम् (gadām) - (his) mace (mace, club)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (his mace) (having taken, taking, seizing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root √dā (to give) with upasarga ā, forming the gerund ā-dāya meaning "having taken".

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant, powerful (referring to Duryodhana) (powerful, valorous, heroic, energetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, valorous, strong, energetic

Derived from vīrya (valor, strength) + -mat/-vat suffix indicating possession.

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhimasena (Bhimasena (name of a Pandava prince))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (the second of the Pandava brothers)

अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - looking directly at, targeting (having seen, having perceived, having looked towards)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root √īkṣ (to see) with upasargas abhi and pra.

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

गजः (gajaḥ) - an elephant (elephant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

गजम् (gajam) - another elephant (elephant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

आह्वयत् (āhvayat) - challenged (challenged, called, invoked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āhvay

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada

Derived from root √hvā (to call) with upasarga ā. Imperfect 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)