महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-54, verse-2

रामं संनिहितं दृष्ट्वा गदायुद्ध उपस्थिते ।
मम पुत्रः कथं भीमं प्रत्ययुध्यत संजय ॥२॥

2. rāmaṁ saṁnihitaṁ dṛṣṭvā gadāyuddha upasthite ,
mama putraḥ kathaṁ bhīmaṁ pratyayudhyata saṁjaya.

2. rāmam sannihitam dṛṣṭvā gadāyuddhe upasthite |
mama putraḥ katham bhīmam pratyayudhyata sañjaya

2. he sañjaya gadāyuddhe upasthite,
rāmam sannihitam dṛṣṭvā,
mama putraḥ katham bhīmam pratyayudhyata?

2. Dhṛtarāṣṭra asked: "O Sañjaya, with Rāma (Balarāma) present and the mace-fight having begun, how did my son confront Bhīma in battle?"

Words meanings summery:

• रामम् (rāmam) - Balarāma, Krishna's elder brother and teacher of mace warfare. (Rāma)

• सन्निहितम् (sannihitam) - present, nearby, at hand

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• गदायुद्धे (gadāyuddhe) - in the mace fight, at the mace battle

• उपस्थिते (upasthite) - when it had commenced, having been present

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Duryodhana (son)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - One of the Pāṇḍava brothers, a renowned mace fighter. (Bhīma)

• प्रत्ययुध्यत (pratyayudhyata) - fought against, opposed

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and advisor, who narrates the battle. (O Sañjaya (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

रामम् (rāmam) - Balarāma, Krishna's elder brother and teacher of mace warfare. (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (several famous figures, here Balarāma), charming, pleasing

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

सन्निहितम् (sannihitam) - present, nearby, at hand

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sannihita

sannihita - placed near, present, close at hand, imminent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā with upasargas sam and ni

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies `rāmam`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Root dṛś (to see) + suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गदायुद्धे (gadāyuddhe) - in the mace fight, at the mace battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gadāyuddha

gadāyuddha - mace-fight, battle with maces

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gadā+yuddha)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle used as noun
  From root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

उपस्थिते (upasthite) - when it had commenced, having been present

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of upasthita

upasthita - present, at hand, commenced, standing near

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā with upasarga upa

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, qualifies 'gadāyuddhe'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Duryodhana (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

भीमम् (bhīmam) - One of the Pāṇḍava brothers, a renowned mace fighter. (Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma, terrible, formidable

Note: Object of `pratyayudhyata`.

प्रत्ययुध्यत (pratyayudhyata) - fought against, opposed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect past (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada) with upasarga prati

Prefix: prati

Root: yudh (class 4)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and advisor, who narrates the battle. (O Sañjaya (vocative))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - name of a charioteer, 'victorious'