महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-54, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवं तदभवद्युद्धं तुमुलं जनमेजय ।
यत्र दुःखान्वितो राजा धृतराष्ट्रोऽब्रवीदिदम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evaṁ tadabhavadyuddhaṁ tumulaṁ janamejaya ,
yatra duḥkhānvito rājā dhṛtarāṣṭro'bravīdidam.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca | evam tat abhavat yuddham tumulam
janamejaya | yatra duḥkhānvitaḥ rājā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ abravīt idam

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca he janamejaya evam tat tumulam yuddham
abhavat yatra duḥkhānvitaḥ rājā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ idam abravīt

1. Vaiśampāyana said: "O Janamejaya, such was that tumultuous battle, during which King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, filled with sorrow, spoke these words."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, such

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• अभवत् (abhavat) - occurred, happened, was

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, noisy, violent

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - The king to whom Vaiśampāyana is narrating the Mahābhārata. (O Janamejaya (vocative))

• यत्र (yatra) - in which (battle) (where, in which, when)

• दुःखान्वितः (duḥkhānvitaḥ) - filled with sorrow, sorrowful, distressed

• राजा (rājā) - king

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of Hastinapura, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• इदम् (idam) - this, these words

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, such

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'yuddham'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - occurred, happened, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

past passive participle used as noun

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, noisy, violent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, violent, furious

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'.

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - The king to whom Vaiśampāyana is narrating the Mahābhārata. (O Janamejaya (vocative))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - name of a king, son of Parikṣit

यत्र (yatra) - in which (battle) (where, in which, when)

(indeclinable)

दुःखान्वितः (duḥkhānvitaḥ) - filled with sorrow, sorrowful, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhānvita

duḥkhānvita - accompanied by sorrow, sorrow-stricken, distressed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+anvita)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root i (to go) with upasarga anu
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā' and 'dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of Hastinapura, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - name of a king, 'he who sustains the kingdom'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this, these words

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these, here

Note: Refers to the following speech.