महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-54, verse-10

स पाण्डवैः परिवृतः कुरुराजस्तवात्मजः ।
मत्तस्येव गजेन्द्रस्य गतिमास्थाय सोऽव्रजत् ॥१०॥

10. sa pāṇḍavaiḥ parivṛtaḥ kururājastavātmajaḥ ,
mattasyeva gajendrasya gatimāsthāya so'vrajat.

10. saḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ parivṛtaḥ kururājaḥ tava ātmajaḥ
mattasya iva gajendrasya gatim āsthāya saḥ avrajat

10. tava ātmajaḥ kururājaḥ saḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ परिवृतः
mattasya gajendrasya iva gatim āsthāya saḥ avrajat

10. Your son, the king of the Kurus, surrounded by the Pandavas, walked with the gait of an intoxicated lordly elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - (Duryodhana) he (he, that)

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pandavas, with the Pandavas

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• कुरुराजः (kururājaḥ) - Duryodhana as the King of the Kuru dynasty (King of the Kurus)

• तव (tava) - addressing Dhritarashtra; 'your' son (Duryodhana) (your, of you)

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - Duryodhana as the son of Dhritarashtra (son, born from oneself)

• मत्तस्य (mattasya) - of an intoxicated (elephant) (of an intoxicated one, of a furious one, of an arrogant one)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• गजेन्द्रस्य (gajendrasya) - of a lordly elephant, of a great elephant

• गतिम् (gatim) - gait, movement, course, path

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having assumed, having adopted, having taken up

• सः (saḥ) - (Duryodhana) he (he, that)

• अव्रजत् (avrajat) - went, proceeded

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - (Duryodhana) he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pandavas, with the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, one of the Pāṇḍavas

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Agency or accompaniment.

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, enclosed

past passive participle

From prefix pari- + root vṛ (to cover, encompass) + kta suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

कुरुराजः (kururājaḥ) - Duryodhana as the King of the Kuru dynasty (King of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kururāja

kururāja - King of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+rājan)

• kuru – name of an ancient king and his dynasty; the region ruled by them
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

Note: Another epithet for Duryodhana.

तव (tava) - addressing Dhritarashtra; 'your' son (Duryodhana) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Genitive singular of yuṣmad.

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - Duryodhana as the son of Dhritarashtra (son, born from oneself)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, daughter, born from oneself, produced from the soul (ātman)

From ātman (self/soul) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  From root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

मत्तस्य (mattasya) - of an intoxicated (elephant) (of an intoxicated one, of a furious one, of an arrogant one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, furious, arrogant, proud

past passive participle

From root mad (to be mad, intoxicated) + kta suffix.

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Modifies gajendrasya.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

गजेन्द्रस्य (gajendrasya) - of a lordly elephant, of a great elephant

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gajendra

gajendra - lordly elephant, chief elephant, elephant king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaja+indra)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best (often used as a suffix)
  noun (masculine)

गतिम् (gatim) - gait, movement, course, path

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, moving, gait, path, course, condition

From root gam (to go) + ti suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of āsthāya.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having assumed, having adopted, having taken up

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From prefix ā- + root sthā (to stand) + -ya suffix (for absolutive with prefix).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - (Duryodhana) he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of avrajat. Repetition for emphasis.

अव्रजत् (avrajat) - went, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vraj

imperfect active

Root vraj (1st class) in imperfect, 3rd person singular active.

Root: vraj (class 1)