महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-54, verse-13

दक्षिणेन सरस्वत्याः स्वयनं तीर्थमुत्तमम् ।
तस्मिन्देशे त्वनिरिणे तत्र युद्धमरोचयन् ॥१३॥

13. dakṣiṇena sarasvatyāḥ svayanaṁ tīrthamuttamam ,
tasmindeśe tvaniriṇe tatra yuddhamarocayan.

13. dakṣiṇena sarasvatyāḥ svayanam tīrtham uttamam
tasmin deśe tu aniriṇe tatra yuddham arocayan

13. sarasvatyāḥ dakṣiṇena uttamam svayanam tīrtham
tu tasmin aniriṇe deśe tatra yuddham arocayan

13. To the south of the Sarasvatī River, there was an excellent, naturally flowing holy site. In that fertile region, they indeed decided to wage battle.

Words meanings summery:

• दक्षिणेन (dakṣiṇena) - to the south, on the right side

• सरस्वत्याः (sarasvatyāḥ) - of the Sarasvatī River (of Sarasvatī)

• स्वयनम् (svayanam) - self-moving, naturally flowing

• तीर्थम् (tīrtham) - holy site (holy place, ford, sacred bathing place)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, highest

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• देशे (deśe) - in the region, in the country

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अनिरिणे (aniriṇe) - in the fertile (region) (in the non-salty, fertile)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war, fight

• अरोचयन् (arocayan) - they decided (to wage battle) (they desired, they liked, they chose)

Words meanings and morphology

दक्षिणेन (dakṣiṇena) - to the south, on the right side

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of 'dakṣiṇa' used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial.

सरस्वत्याः (sarasvatyāḥ) - of the Sarasvatī River (of Sarasvatī)

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of sarasvatī

sarasvatī - Sarasvatī (name of a river, goddess of knowledge)

Note: Specifies location relative to Sarasvatī.

स्वयनम् (svayanam) - self-moving, naturally flowing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svayana

svayana - self-flowing, self-moving, going by itself

Compound of 'sva' (self) and 'ayana' (going, flow).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+ayana)

• sva – self, own
  pronoun/adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• ayana – going, motion, course, way
  noun (neuter)
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tīrtham'.

तीर्थम् (tīrtham) - holy site (holy place, ford, sacred bathing place)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tīrtha

tīrtha - ford, bathing place, holy place, sacred spot

Root: tṝ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative, subject implied.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, highest

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, highest, principal

Superlative of 'ud' (up)

Prefix: ud

Root: tam

Note: Qualifies 'tīrtham'.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Locative singular masculine/neuter of 'tad'.

Note: Qualifies 'deśe'.

देशे (deśe) - in the region, in the country

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - region, country, place

Root: diś

Note: Location for the battle.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अनिरिणे (aniriṇe) - in the fertile (region) (in the non-salty, fertile)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aniriṇa

aniriṇa - not barren, fertile, not saline

Negative compound of 'a' (not) and 'niriṇa' (barren, salty soil).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+niriṇa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• niriṇa – barren, salty soil, desert
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'deśe'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' + suffix 'tral'.

Note: Redundant with 'tasmin deśe' but for emphasis.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (from yudh) also used as noun.

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'arocayan'.

अरोचयन् (arocayan) - they decided (to wage battle) (they desired, they liked, they chose)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ruc

Imperfect, causative

Causative of 'ruc' (P. 1 'rocayati', A. 1 'rocate'). Here, active voice, 3rd plural imperfect, 'arocayan'. With 'yuddham' (accusative), it means "they caused a battle to be pleasing" or "they decided upon battle".

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied (the Kauravas and their allies).