महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-53, verse-37

स शीघ्रगामिना तेन रथेन यदुपुंगवः ।
दिदृक्षुरभिसंप्राप्तः शिष्ययुद्धमुपस्थितम् ॥३७॥

37. sa śīghragāminā tena rathena yadupuṁgavaḥ ,
didṛkṣurabhisaṁprāptaḥ śiṣyayuddhamupasthitam.

37. saḥ śīghragāminā tena rathena yadupuṅgavaḥ
didṛkṣuḥ abhisamprāptaḥ śiṣyayuddham upasthitam

37. saḥ yadupuṅgavaḥ tena śīghragāminā rathena
upasthitam śiṣyayuddham didṛkṣuḥ abhisamprāptaḥ

37. The best among the Yadus (Krishna) arrived in that swiftly moving chariot, eager to witness the battle between his disciples which had commenced.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• शीघ्रगामिना (śīghragāminā) - by the swiftly moving, by the fast-moving

• तेन (tena) - by that

• रथेन (rathena) - by the chariot

• यदुपुङ्गवः (yadupuṅgavaḥ) - Lord Krishna (the bull of the Yadus, the best among the Yadus)

• दिदृक्षुः (didṛkṣuḥ) - desiring to see, wishing to behold

• अभिसम्प्राप्तः (abhisamprāptaḥ) - arrived, reached

• शिष्ययुद्धम् (śiṣyayuddham) - the battle of disciples, the fight among students

• उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - commenced, present, at hand, occurred

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शीघ्रगामिना (śīghragāminā) - by the swiftly moving, by the fast-moving

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śīghragāmin

śīghragāmin - swiftly moving, fast-moving

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīghra+gāmin)

• śīghra – swift, quick, fast
  adjective (neuter)
• gāmin – going, moving, leading to
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective from root gam
  Derived from root gam (to go) with suffix -in
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies "rathena" (chariot), which is neuter by default for some forms, but 'gāmin' can be used as masculine or neuter in compounds. Here, it refers to the chariot's characteristic.

तेन (tena) - by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the chariot (ratha).

रथेन (rathena) - by the chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

यदुपुङ्गवः (yadupuṅgavaḥ) - Lord Krishna (the bull of the Yadus, the best among the Yadus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yadupuṅgava

yadupuṅgava - best of the Yadus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yadu+puṅgava)

• yadu – name of an ancient king, a descendant of Yadu
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – a bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Krishna.

दिदृक्षुः (didṛkṣuḥ) - desiring to see, wishing to behold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of didṛkṣu

didṛkṣu - desiring to see, wishing to behold

desiderative participle/agent noun

Derived from desiderative stem of root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yadupuṅgavaḥ'.

अभिसम्प्राप्तः (abhisamprāptaḥ) - arrived, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhisamprāpta

abhisamprāpta - arrived, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp with upasargas abhi and sam

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Functions as a finite verb in this context.

शिष्ययुद्धम् (śiṣyayuddham) - the battle of disciples, the fight among students

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiṣyayuddha

śiṣyayuddha - battle of disciples, fight among students

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śiṣya+yuddha)

• śiṣya – disciple, student
  noun (masculine)
  gerundive/past passive participle
  Root śās (to teach) + ya
  Root: śās (class 2)
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle used as noun
  From root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'didṛkṣuḥ'.

उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - commenced, present, at hand, occurred

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upasthita

upasthita - present, at hand, commenced, standing near

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā with upasarga upa

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śiṣyayuddham'.