महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-53, verse-23

नारद उवाच ।
पूर्वमेव हतो भीष्मो द्रोणः सिन्धुपतिस्तथा ।
हतो वैकर्तनः कर्णः पुत्राश्चास्य महारथाः ॥२३॥

23. nārada uvāca ,
pūrvameva hato bhīṣmo droṇaḥ sindhupatistathā ,
hato vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ putrāścāsya mahārathāḥ.

23. nāradaḥ uvāca pūrvam eva hataḥ bhīṣmaḥ droṇaḥ sindhupatiḥ
tathā hataḥ vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ putrāḥ ca asya mahārathāḥ

23. nāradaḥ uvāca pūrvam eva bhīṣmaḥ droṇaḥ tathā sindhupatiḥ
hataḥ vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ ca asya mahārathāḥ putrāḥ [api] hataḥ

23. Nārada said: 'Indeed, Bhīṣma, Droṇa, and the lord of Sindhu were killed previously. Karṇa, the son of Vikartana, and his sons, who were great warriors, were also slain.'

Words meanings summery:

• नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (spoke, said)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (before, previously, formerly)

• एव (eva) - indeed (for emphasis) (indeed, only, just)

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, slain, destroyed)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (a Kuru patriarch))

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Droṇa (teacher of Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas))

• सिन्धुपतिः (sindhupatiḥ) - the lord of Sindhu (Jayadratha) (lord of Sindhu (Jayadratha))

• तथा (tathā) - also (thus, so, similarly, also)

• हतः (hataḥ) - slain (killed, slain, destroyed)

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karṇa, son of Vikartana (Sūrya) (son of Vikartana (Karṇa))

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (Karṇa (a great warrior, son of Sūrya))

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्य (asya) - his (of Karṇa) (his, of this)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors (great warriors, commanders of many chariots)

Words meanings and morphology

नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (a divine sage)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

root verb, perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (before, previously, formerly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

एव (eva) - indeed (for emphasis) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, slain, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, to kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Serves as the predicate verb for Bhīṣma, Droṇa, and Sindhupati.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (a Kuru patriarch))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru patriarch)

Note: First subject of 'hataḥ'.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Droṇa (teacher of Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a teacher of warfare)

Note: Second subject of 'hataḥ'.

सिन्धुपतिः (sindhupatiḥ) - the lord of Sindhu (Jayadratha) (lord of Sindhu (Jayadratha))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sindhupati

sindhupati - lord of Sindhu, Jayadratha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sindhu+pati)

• sindhu – Sindhu river, region of Sindhu
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Third subject of 'hataḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - also (thus, so, similarly, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

हतः (hataḥ) - slain (killed, slain, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, to kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Serves as the predicate verb for Karṇa and his sons. Though 'putrāḥ' is plural, the singular form 'hataḥ' is used in the text, which is an occasional feature in epic Sanskrit.

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karṇa, son of Vikartana (Sūrya) (son of Vikartana (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - son of Vikartana (an epithet of the sun god, and thus Karṇa)

derived from Vikartana (Vikartana + aṇ)

Note: Epithet of Karṇa.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (Karṇa (a great warrior, son of Sūrya))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a great warrior), ear

Note: Subject of 'hataḥ'.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of 'hataḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अस्य (asya) - his (of Karṇa) (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Possessive, refers to Karṇa.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors (great warriors, commanders of many chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, commander of a large force

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (charioteer)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'putrāḥ'.