महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-53, verse-25

प्रियान्प्राणान्परित्यज्य प्रियार्थं कौरवस्य वै ।
राजानो राजपुत्राश्च समरेष्वनिवर्तिनः ॥२५॥

25. priyānprāṇānparityajya priyārthaṁ kauravasya vai ,
rājāno rājaputrāśca samareṣvanivartinaḥ.

25. priyān prāṇān parityajya priyārtham kauravasyā
vai rājānaḥ rājaputrāḥ ca samareṣu anivartinaḥ

25. rājānaḥ rājaputrāḥ ca vai priyān prāṇān parityajya
kauravasyā priyārtham samareṣu anivartinaḥ

25. Indeed, the kings and princes, unwavering in battles, sacrificed their dear lives for the sake of the beloved Kaurava (Duryodhana).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रियान् (priyān) - dear, beloved

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having sacrificed

• प्रियार्थम् (priyārtham) - for the sake of the beloved/dear one

• कौरवस्या (kauravasyā) - of Duryodhana (of the Kaurava)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

• च (ca) - and

• समरेषु (samareṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

• अनिवर्तिनः (anivartinaḥ) - not turning back, unwavering, never retreating

Words meanings and morphology

प्रियान् (priyān) - dear, beloved

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Note: Qualifies 'prāṇān'.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air

Note: Object of 'parityajya'.

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having sacrificed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with prefix 'pari-'.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Gerund/absolutive.

प्रियार्थम् (priyārtham) - for the sake of the beloved/dear one

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (priya+artha)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial use of accusative singular neuter.

कौरवस्या (kauravasyā) - of Duryodhana (of the Kaurava)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kaurava lineage

Derived from Kuru, referring to the clan.

Note: Connects to 'priyārtham' - for whose sake.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, son of a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Co-subject with 'rājānaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'rājānaḥ' and 'rājaputrāḥ'.

समरेषु (samareṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Note: Locative of place/context.

अनिवर्तिनः (anivartinaḥ) - not turning back, unwavering, never retreating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anivartin

anivartin - not turning back, unwavering, never retreating

Derived from 'nivartin' (returning) with negative prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nivartin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• nivartin – returning, turning back
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ni-'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'rājānaḥ' and 'rājaputrāḥ'.