महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-53, verse-28

शयानं धार्तराष्ट्रं तु स्तम्भिते सलिले तदा ।
पाण्डवाः सह कृष्णेन वाग्भिरुग्राभिरार्दयन् ॥२८॥

28. śayānaṁ dhārtarāṣṭraṁ tu stambhite salile tadā ,
pāṇḍavāḥ saha kṛṣṇena vāgbhirugrābhirārdayan.

28. śayānam dhārtarāṣṭram tu stambhite salile tadā
pāṇḍavāḥ saha kṛṣṇena vāgbhiḥ ugrābhiḥ ārdayan

28. tadā tu salile stambhite śayānam dhārtarāṣṭram
kṛṣṇena saha pāṇḍavāḥ ugrābhiḥ vāgbhiḥ ārdayan

28. Then, as Duryodhana (the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra) lay in the water that had been made motionless (by his mystic power), the Pandavas, along with Krishna, tormented him with harsh words.

Words meanings summery:

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down, resting

• धार्तराष्ट्रम् (dhārtarāṣṭram) - Duryodhana (the son of Dhritarashtra)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• स्तम्भिते (stambhite) - made motionless, frozen, stopped

• सलिले (salile) - in the water

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

• सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

• कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Krishna, with Krishna

• वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words, by speeches

• उग्राभिः (ugrābhiḥ) - with harsh, fierce, terrible

• आर्दयन् (ārdayan) - they tormented, afflicted

Words meanings and morphology

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down, resting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, resting, asleep

present active participle

Derived from root 'śī' (to lie down) + 'śānac'.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Describes Duryodhana's state.

धार्तराष्ट्रम् (dhārtarāṣṭram) - Duryodhana (the son of Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; specifically Duryodhana

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to the previous context.

स्तम्भिते (stambhite) - made motionless, frozen, stopped

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of stambhita

stambhita - made motionless, stopped, paralyzed

past passive participle

Derived from root 'stambh' (to stop, support) in causative form.

Root: stambh (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the water.

सलिले (salile) - in the water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of salila

salila - water

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'tad' (that).

Note: Indicates time.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu; the sons of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva.

सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition.

कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Krishna, with Krishna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Krishna (a deity, an incarnation of Vishnu); black, dark

Note: Accompaniment for the Pandavas.

वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words, by speeches

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

Note: Instrument of torment.

उग्राभिः (ugrābhiḥ) - with harsh, fierce, terrible

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of ugrā

ugrā - harsh, fierce, terrible, mighty

Note: Qualifies 'vāgbhiḥ'.

आर्दयन् (ārdayan) - they tormented, afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ārd

Imperfect tense (laṅ) 3rd person plural, causative form of root 'ṛd' (to grow, trouble).

Root: ṛd (class 5)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.