महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-82, verse-38

भज्यमानं बलं राजन्सात्वतेन महात्मना ।
नाभ्यवर्तत युद्धाय त्रासितं दीर्घबाहुना ॥३८॥

38. bhajyamānaṁ balaṁ rājansātvatena mahātmanā ,
nābhyavartata yuddhāya trāsitaṁ dīrghabāhunā.

38. bhajyamānam balam rājan sātvatena mahātmanā na
abhi avartata yuddhāya trāsitam dīrghabāhunā

38. rājan mahātmanā dīrghabāhunā sātvatena bhajyamānam
trāsitam balam yuddhāya na abhyavartata

38. O King, the army, being routed by the great-souled Sātyaki and terrified by the long-armed one, did not turn to fight.

Words meanings summery:

• भज्यमानम् (bhajyamānam) - the army being routed (being broken, being routed, being defeated)

• बलम् (balam) - the Kuru army (army, force, strength)

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• सात्वतेन (sātvatena) - by Sātyaki (by a Sātvata, by Sātyaki)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Sātyaki (the great-souled) (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

• न (na) - negation of turning to battle (not, no)

• अभि (abhi) - indicates direction towards battle (towards, upon, in the direction of)

• अवर्तत (avartata) - turned (to fight) (turned, moved, proceeded)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for the purpose of battle (for battle, for fighting, to battle)

• त्रासितम् (trāsitam) - the army being terrified (frightened, terrified, intimidated)

• दीर्घबाहुना (dīrghabāhunā) - by Sātyaki, who is known for his long arms (by the long-armed one)

Words meanings and morphology

भज्यमानम् (bhajyamānam) - the army being routed (being broken, being routed, being defeated)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhajyamāna

bhajyamāna - being broken, being shattered, being routed

Present Passive Participle (Śānac)

From √bhañj (to break, rout)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - the Kuru army (army, force, strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, troop

Note: Acts as the subject of the intransitive verb 'abhyavertata' in the context of the participles modifying it.

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सात्वतेन (sātvatena) - by Sātyaki (by a Sātvata, by Sātyaki)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - belonging to the Sātvata race; Sātyaki

Note: Agent of 'bhajyamānam' and 'trāsitam'.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Sātyaki (the great-souled) (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, high-minded, noble, magnanimous (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sātvatena'.

न (na) - negation of turning to battle (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अभि (abhi) - indicates direction towards battle (towards, upon, in the direction of)

(indeclinable)

अवर्तत (avartata) - turned (to fight) (turned, moved, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (Laṅ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The 'a-' prefix indicates imperfect tense.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for the purpose of battle (for battle, for fighting, to battle)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - fight, battle, war

Note: Dative of purpose.

त्रासितम् (trāsitam) - the army being terrified (frightened, terrified, intimidated)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of trāsita

trāsita - frightened, terrified, caused to fear

Past Passive Participle (from causative of √tras)

From causative of √tras (to tremble, fear)

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

दीर्घबाहुना (dīrghabāhunā) - by Sātyaki, who is known for his long arms (by the long-armed one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dīrghabāhu

dīrghabāhu - long-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīrgha+bāhu)

• dīrgha – long, tall, extensive
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sātvatena' (implicitly, as another epithet for Sātyaki).