महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-82, verse-20

मद्रेयस्तु ततः क्रुद्धो दुर्मुखं दशभिः शरैः ।
भ्राता भ्रातरमायान्तं विव्याध प्रहसन्निव ॥२०॥

20. madreyastu tataḥ kruddho durmukhaṁ daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ ,
bhrātā bhrātaramāyāntaṁ vivyādha prahasanniva.

20. madreyaḥ tu tataḥ kruddhaḥ durmukham daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ
bhrātā bhrātaram āyāntam vivyādha prahasan iva

20. tataḥ kruddhaḥ madreyaḥ tu bhrātā āyāntam bhrātaram
durmukham daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ prahasan iva vivyādha

20. Then, the son of Madri (Sahadeva), enraged, struck Durmukha, who was approaching, with ten arrows, as if laughing, kinsman striking kinsman.

Words meanings summery:

• मद्रेयः (madreyaḥ) - Sahadeva, one of the Pandavas (son of Madri)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, at that moment (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

• दुर्मुखम् (durmukham) - Durmukha (proper noun)

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - The kinsman (Madreyastu/Sahadeva) (brother, kinsman)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - The kinsman (Durmukha) (brother, kinsman)

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck, assailed

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

Words meanings and morphology

मद्रेयः (madreyaḥ) - Sahadeva, one of the Pandavas (son of Madri)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madreya

madreya - son of Madri

derived from Madri (mādrī) with 'ḍhak' affix, meaning 'son of'

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, at that moment (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix applied to 'tad' (that)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'madreyaḥ'

दुर्मुखम् (durmukham) - Durmukha (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durmukha

durmukha - Durmukha (a proper name, lit. 'foul-mouthed' or 'ugly-faced')

Note: Object of 'vivyādha'

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'śaraiḥ'

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ

भ्राता (bhrātā) - The kinsman (Madreyastu/Sahadeva) (brother, kinsman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother, kinsman

Note: Emphasizes the relationship of the attacker.

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - The kinsman (Durmukha) (brother, kinsman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother, kinsman

Note: Emphasizes the relationship of the attacked.

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - approaching, coming

Present Active Participle

Root 'yā' (to go) with upasarga 'ā' (towards) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bhrātaram' (Durmukha)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck, assailed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vyādh

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root 'vyadh' (to pierce)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

Root 'has' (to laugh) with upasarga 'pra' (forth, intensely) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'madreyaḥ'

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)