महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-82, verse-23

अथापरेण भल्लेन पीतेन निशितेन च ।
चिच्छेद सारथेः कायाच्छिरो ज्वलितकुण्डलम् ॥२३॥

23. athāpareṇa bhallena pītena niśitena ca ,
ciccheda sāratheḥ kāyācchiro jvalitakuṇḍalam.

23. atha apareṇa bhallena pītena niśitena ca
ciccheda sāratheḥ kāyāt śiraḥ jvalitakuṇḍalam

23. atha ca apareṇa pītena niśitena bhallena
sāratheḥ kāyāt ज्वलितकुण्डलम् śiraḥ ciccheda

23. Then, with another sharp and yellow (or gilded) broad-headed arrow, he severed the charioteer's head, which was adorned with shining earrings, from his body.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अपरेण (apareṇa) - with another, with a different

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a broad-headed arrow, with a bhalla arrow

• पीतेन (pītena) - with a yellow, with a gilded

• निशितेन (niśitena) - with a sharp, with a whetted

• च (ca) - and

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - cut off, severed

• सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of the charioteer

• कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• ज्वलितकुण्डलम् (jvalitakuṇḍalam) - with shining earrings, having blazing earrings

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अपरेण (apareṇa) - with another, with a different

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, different, subsequent

Note: Agrees with 'bhallena'.

भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a broad-headed arrow, with a bhalla arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a broad-headed arrow, a type of dart or spear

Note: Instrument for 'ciccheda'.

पीतेन (pītena) - with a yellow, with a gilded

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pīta

pīta - yellow, golden, drunk (past participle of pā), gilded

Past Passive Participle (from 'pā' or as a color)

Here, likely refers to color (yellow/gilded) rather than 'drunk'.

Note: Agrees with 'bhallena'.

निशितेन (niśitena) - with a sharp, with a whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śo' (to sharpen) with upasarga 'ni' (down, into).

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'bhallena'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Joins 'pītena' and 'niśitena'.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - cut off, severed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of chid

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root 'chid' (to cut), with reduplication.

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Subject is implicit (Sahadeva).

सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of the charioteer

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Root: sṛ

Note: Possessive, related to 'kāyāt' and 'śiraḥ'.

कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, collection, group

Root: ci

Note: Source from which the head is severed.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

Root: śṛ

Note: Object of 'ciccheda'.

ज्वलितकुण्डलम् (jvalitakuṇḍalam) - with shining earrings, having blazing earrings

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jvalitakuṇḍala

jvalitakuṇḍala - having shining/blazing earrings

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jvalita+kuṇḍala)

• jvalita – shining, blazing, inflamed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'jval' (to shine, to blaze)
  Root: jval (class 1)
• kuṇḍala – earring, ring
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'śiraḥ'.