महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-82, verse-27

स पपात रथोपस्थान्निरमित्रो जनेश्वरः ।
त्रिगर्तराजस्य सुतो व्यथयंस्तव वाहिनीम् ॥२७॥

27. sa papāta rathopasthānniramitro janeśvaraḥ ,
trigartarājasya suto vyathayaṁstava vāhinīm.

27. saḥ papāta rathopasthāt niramitraḥ janeśvaraḥ
trigartarājasya sutaḥ vyathayan tava vāhinīm

27. saḥ niramitraḥ janeśvaraḥ trigartarājasya sutaḥ
tava vāhinīm vyathayan rathopasthāt papāta

27. Niramitra, that ruler and son of the Trigarta king, fell from the chariot platform, distressing your army.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• पपात (papāta) - fell, dropped

• रथोपस्थात् (rathopasthāt) - from the chariot's platform/seat

• निरमित्रः (niramitraḥ) - Niramitra

• जनेश्वरः (janeśvaraḥ) - king of men, ruler, lord of the people

• त्रिगर्तराजस्य (trigartarājasya) - of the king of Trigarta

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

• व्यथयन् (vyathayan) - causing distress, afflicting

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - army, host

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

पपात (papāta) - fell, dropped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect Active

Perfect tense 3rd person singular active.

Root: pat (class 1)

रथोपस्थात् (rathopasthāt) - from the chariot's platform/seat

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - the front part of a chariot, chariot seat

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – proximity, front, lap, seat
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: upa

निरमित्रः (niramitraḥ) - Niramitra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niramitra

niramitra - Niramitra (a proper name)

जनेश्वरः (janeśvaraḥ) - king of men, ruler, lord of the people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+īśvara)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Niramitraḥ.

त्रिगर्तराजस्य (trigartarājasya) - of the king of Trigarta

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of trigartarāja

trigartarāja - king of Trigarta (a region)

Compound type : tatpurusha (trigarta+rāja)

• trigarta – Trigarta (name of a country/people)
  proper noun (neuter)
• rāja – king
  noun (masculine)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring

Note: Agrees with Niramitraḥ.

व्यथयन् (vyathayan) - causing distress, afflicting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathayat

vyathayat - causing distress, afflicting, troubling

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the causative form of root vyath.

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ/Niramitraḥ.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāhinī

vāhinī - army, host, military force