महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-82, verse-25

हताश्वं तु रथं त्यक्त्वा दुर्मुखो विमनास्तदा ।
आरुरोह रथं राजन्निरमित्रस्य भारत ॥२५॥

25. hatāśvaṁ tu rathaṁ tyaktvā durmukho vimanāstadā ,
āruroha rathaṁ rājanniramitrasya bhārata.

25. hatāśvam tu ratham tyaktvā durmukhaḥ vimanāḥ
tadā ārūroha ratham rājan niramitrasya bhārata

25. rājan bhārata tadā tu durmukhaḥ vimanāḥ hatāśvam
ratham tyaktvā niramitrasya ratham ārūroha

25. But then, O king, O Bharata, Durmukha, disheartened, abandoned his chariot whose horses were slain and mounted the chariot of Niramitra.

Words meanings summery:

• हताश्वम् (hatāśvam) - whose horses were killed, with slain horses

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, forsaking

• दुर्मुखः (durmukhaḥ) - Durmukha (name)

• विमनाः (vimanāḥ) - dejected, disheartened, sad

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आरूरोह (ārūroha) - ascended, mounted

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• निरमित्रस्य (niramitrasya) - of Niramitra

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhritarashtra. (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

हताश्वम् (hatāśvam) - whose horses were killed, with slain horses

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - having slain horses, whose horses are killed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, slain
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies ratham.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - a chariot, car

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, forsaking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root tyaj.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

दुर्मुखः (durmukhaḥ) - Durmukha (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmukha

durmukha - Durmukha (a name), having a bad face

विमनाः (vimanāḥ) - dejected, disheartened, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimanas

vimanas - dispirited, dejected, disheartened, sad

Note: Agrees with Durmukhaḥ.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

आरूरोह (ārūroha) - ascended, mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ruh

Perfect Active

Perfect tense 3rd person singular active, with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - a chariot, car

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

निरमित्रस्य (niramitrasya) - of Niramitra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of niramitra

niramitra - Niramitra (a proper name)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhritarashtra. (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata, an Indian