महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-8, verse-7

अस्त्रं चतुर्विधं वीरे यस्मिन्नासीत्प्रतिष्ठितम् ।
तमिष्वस्त्रवराचार्यं द्रोणं शंससि मे हतम् ॥७॥

7. astraṁ caturvidhaṁ vīre yasminnāsītpratiṣṭhitam ,
tamiṣvastravarācāryaṁ droṇaṁ śaṁsasi me hatam.

7. astram caturvidham vīre yasmin āsīt pratiṣṭhitam
tam iṣv-astra-vara-ācāryam droṇam śaṃsasi me hatam

7. me tvaṃ yasmin vīre caturvidham astram pratiṣṭhitam āsīt,
tam iṣv-astra-vara-ācāryam droṇam hatam śaṃsasi

7. You report to me that the hero Droṇa, in whom all four types of weaponry (astra) resided and who was the foremost preceptor of archery and missile-craft, has been slain.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - Refers to various types of weapons, including those invoked by mantras. (weapon, missile, projectile)

• चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - Specifies the comprehensive mastery of weaponry by Droṇa. (four-fold, of four kinds)

• वीरे (vīre) - Referring to Droṇa. (in the hero, in the warrior)

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - Refers back to 'vīre' (Droṇa). (in whom, in which)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - Indicates the past state of Droṇa's mastery. (was, existed)

• प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - Implies that the knowledge and skill in weaponry were deeply rooted or inherent in Droṇa. (established, founded, based, present)

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Droṇa, picking up from the relative pronoun 'yasmin'. (him, that)

• इष्व्-अस्त्र-वर-आचार्यम् (iṣv-astra-vara-ācāryam) - An elaborate title for Droṇa, highlighting his supreme expertise. (the foremost teacher of archery and weaponry)

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - The main subject of the reporting. (Droṇa (proper noun))

• शंससि (śaṁsasi) - The speaker is complaining about being informed of Droṇa's death. (you report, you praise, you announce)

• मे (me) - Recipient of the report. (to me, my, for me)

• हतम् (hatam) - The state of Droṇa being reported. (killed, slain)

Words meanings and morphology

अस्त्रम् (astram) - Refers to various types of weapons, including those invoked by mantras. (weapon, missile, projectile)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, projectile (often divinely imbued)

From √as (to throw, to cast).

Root: as (class 4)

चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - Specifies the comprehensive mastery of weaponry by Droṇa. (four-fold, of four kinds)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of caturvidha

caturvidha - four-fold, of four kinds, consisting of four parts

Compound of catur (four) + vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhā (to place, to put) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

वीरे (vīre) - Referring to Droṇa. (in the hero, in the warrior)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - Refers back to 'vīre' (Droṇa). (in whom, in which)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Relative pronoun.

आसीत् (āsīt) - Indicates the past state of Droṇa's mastery. (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - Implies that the knowledge and skill in weaponry were deeply rooted or inherent in Droṇa. (established, founded, based, present)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, fixed, founded, residing, inherent

past passive participle

Past passive participle of √sthā (to stand) with prefix prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

तम् (tam) - Refers to Droṇa, picking up from the relative pronoun 'yasmin'. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

इष्व्-अस्त्र-वर-आचार्यम् (iṣv-astra-vara-ācāryam) - An elaborate title for Droṇa, highlighting his supreme expertise. (the foremost teacher of archery and weaponry)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of iṣv-astra-vara-ācārya

iṣv-astra-vara-ācārya - the best/foremost teacher of arrows and missiles/weapons

Compound. iṣu (arrow) + astra (weapon) + vara (best/foremost) + ācārya (teacher).

Compound type : tatpurusha (iṣu+astra+vara+ācārya)

• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  From √iṣ (to wish, to send, to throw).
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  From √as (to throw, to cast).
  Root: as (class 4)
• vara – excellent, best, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  From √vṛ (to choose, to select).
  Root: vṛ (class 9)
• ācārya – teacher, preceptor, master
  noun (masculine)
  From √car (to move, to go) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - The main subject of the reporting. (Droṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)

Root: dru (class 1)

शंससि (śaṁsasi) - The speaker is complaining about being informed of Droṇa's death. (you report, you praise, you announce)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'you'.

मे (me) - Recipient of the report. (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic form of asmad.

हतम् (hatam) - The state of Droṇa being reported. (killed, slain)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

past passive participle

Past passive participle of √han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)