महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-8, verse-11

ब्राह्मे वेदे तथेष्वस्त्रे यमुपासन्गुणार्थिनः ।
ब्राह्मणा राजपुत्राश्च स कथं मृत्युना हतः ॥११॥

11. brāhme vede tatheṣvastre yamupāsanguṇārthinaḥ ,
brāhmaṇā rājaputrāśca sa kathaṁ mṛtyunā hataḥ.

11. brāhme vede tathā iṣvastre yam upāsan guṇārthinaḥ
brāhmaṇā rājaputrāḥ ca sa katham mṛtyunā hataḥ

11. brāhmaṇā rājaputrāḥ ca guṇārthinaḥ brāhme vede
tathā iṣvastre yam upāsan sa katham mṛtyunā hataḥ

11. How could he have been slain by death, whom brahmins and princes, aspiring for excellence, revered in the sacred Vedic knowledge and the science of archery?

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मे (brāhme) - in the sacred, in the Vedic

• वेदे (vede) - in the Veda, in knowledge

• तथा (tathā) - thus, and, also

• इष्वस्त्रे (iṣvastre) - in the science of archery, in the missile weaponry

• यम् (yam) - whom (masculine accusative singular)

• उपासन् (upāsan) - they revered, they worshipped

• गुणार्थिनः (guṇārthinaḥ) - those seeking good qualities, aspiring for excellence

• ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇā) - brahmins

• राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

• च (ca) - and

• स (sa) - he

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• मृत्युना (mṛtyunā) - by death

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मे (brāhme) - in the sacred, in the Vedic

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of brāhma

brāhma - relating to Brahman, sacred, divine, Vedic

वेदे (vede) - in the Veda, in knowledge

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, (the four Vedas)

तथा (tathā) - thus, and, also

(indeclinable)

इष्वस्त्रे (iṣvastre) - in the science of archery, in the missile weaponry

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of iṣvāstra

iṣvāstra - missile weapon, archery, science of arrows/missiles

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (iṣu+astra)

• iṣu – arrow, missile
  noun (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile, arrow
  noun (neuter)

यम् (yam) - whom (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

उपासन् (upāsan) - they revered, they worshipped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of upās

imperfect form, root ās with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

गुणार्थिनः (guṇārthinaḥ) - those seeking good qualities, aspiring for excellence

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇārthin

guṇārthin - desirous of qualities/virtues/excellences

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+arthin)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, excellence, attribute
  noun (masculine)
• arthin – desirous of, seeking, requesting, a suitor
  adjective (masculine)
  from artha + in

ब्राह्मणा (brāhmaṇā) - brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a member of the priestly class

राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, son of a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

मृत्युना (mṛtyunā) - by death

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck

Past Passive Participle

formed from root han

Root: han (class 2)