महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-8, verse-2

रथभङ्गो बभूवास्य धनुर्वाशीर्यतास्यतः ।
प्रमत्तो वाभवद्द्रोणस्ततो मृत्युमुपेयिवान् ॥२॥

2. rathabhaṅgo babhūvāsya dhanurvāśīryatāsyataḥ ,
pramatto vābhavaddroṇastato mṛtyumupeyivān.

2. ratha-bhaṅgaḥ babhūva asya dhanuḥ vā aśīryata asyataḥ
pramattaḥ vā abhavat droṇaḥ tataḥ mṛtyum upeyivān

2. asya ratha-bhaṅgaḥ babhūva vā asyataḥ dhanuḥ aśīryata
vā droṇaḥ pramattaḥ abhavat tataḥ mṛtyum upeyivān

2. Was his chariot broken, or was his bow shattered while he was shooting? Or did Droṇa become negligent, and then approach death?

Words meanings summery:

• रथ-भङ्गः (ratha-bhaṅgaḥ) - breaking of the chariot, chariot's destruction

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, occurred

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• वा (vā) - or

• अशीर्यत (aśīryata) - was shattered, was broken

• अस्यतः (asyataḥ) - while shooting, from shooting

• प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - negligent, careless, intoxicated

• वा (vā) - or

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, existed

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - attained, approached, reached

Words meanings and morphology

रथ-भङ्गः (ratha-bhaṅgaḥ) - breaking of the chariot, chariot's destruction

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+bhaṅga)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• bhaṅga – breaking, shattering, destruction, breach
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bhañj (to break)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)

बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

अस्य (asya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhanu

dhanu - bow

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अशीर्यत (aśīryata) - was shattered, was broken

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of śīr

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice of √śṛ (to crush, tear)

Root: śṛ (class 9)

अस्यतः (asyataḥ) - while shooting, from shooting

(participle)

masculine, singular of asyat

asyat - shooting, casting, throwing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root as (to throw, shoot)

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'while shooting'

प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - negligent, careless, intoxicated

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - negligent, careless, intoxicated, inattentive

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mad with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the teacher of the Kuru princes); a measure, a kind of vessel

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, demise, end of life

उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - attained, approached, reached

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upeyivas

upeyivas - having approached, having attained, having reached

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from root i (to go) with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)