महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-8, verse-22

दिवि शक्रमिव श्रेष्ठं महामात्रं धनुर्भृताम् ।
के नु तं रौद्रकर्माणं युद्धे प्रत्युद्ययू रथाः ॥२२॥

22. divi śakramiva śreṣṭhaṁ mahāmātraṁ dhanurbhṛtām ,
ke nu taṁ raudrakarmāṇaṁ yuddhe pratyudyayū rathāḥ.

22. divi śakram iva śreṣṭham mahāmātram dhanurbhṛtām
ke nu tam raudrakarmāṇam yuddhe pratyudyayū rathāḥ

22. divi śakram iva,
dhanurbhṛtām śreṣṭham mahāmātram,
tam raudrakarmāṇam,
ke rathāḥ nu yuddhe pratyudyayū?

22. Who among the charioteers, indeed, confronted in battle that Drona, whose deeds were terrible, who was like Indra in heaven, and the foremost among great archers?

Words meanings summery:

• दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

• शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra (king of gods) (Indra, powerful one)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - foremost (best, most excellent, supreme)

• महामात्रम् (mahāmātram) - great archer/leader (implied by context with 'dhanurbhṛtām') (great minister, great warrior, high official)

• धनुर्भृताम् (dhanurbhṛtām) - of bow-wielders, of archers

• के (ke) - who, which (plural)

• नु (nu) - indeed, surely, now

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• रौद्रकर्माणम् (raudrakarmāṇam) - one whose actions were formidable (whose deeds are terrible/fierce)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• प्रत्युद्ययू (pratyudyayū) - they went against, they confronted, they attacked

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - charioteers (as warriors) (chariots, charioteers)

Words meanings and morphology

दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra (king of gods) (Indra, powerful one)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, powerful, mighty

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Object of comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - foremost (best, most excellent, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, supreme, chief

Superlative of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy)

Note: Modifies 'mahāmātram'.

महामात्रम् (mahāmātram) - great archer/leader (implied by context with 'dhanurbhṛtām') (great minister, great warrior, high official)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāmātra

mahāmātra - great minister, high official, elephant driver, great quantity

Compound of 'mahā' (great) + 'mātra' (measure, quantity, also 'minister' in specific contexts)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+mātra)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• mātra – measure, quantity, element, minister (in compounds)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Drona.

धनुर्भृताम् (dhanurbhṛtām) - of bow-wielders, of archers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dhanurbhṛt

dhanurbhṛt - bow-wielder, archer

Derived from 'dhanus' (bow) + root 'bhṛ' (to bear/hold) + 'kvip' suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Shows relationship with 'śreṣṭham mahāmātram'.

के (ke) - who, which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Subject of 'pratyudyayū'.

नु (nu) - indeed, surely, now

(indeclinable)

Particle

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'pratyudyayū'.

रौद्रकर्माणम् (raudrakarmāṇam) - one whose actions were formidable (whose deeds are terrible/fierce)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raudrakarman

raudrakarman - one whose actions are terrible/fierce, a cruel agent

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'raudra' (fierce, terrible) + 'karman' (action, deed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (raudra+karman)

• raudra – fierce, terrible, dreadful, belonging to Rudra
  adjective
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Drona).

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

From root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रत्युद्ययू (pratyudyayū) - they went against, they confronted, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past aorist (luṅ) of pratyud-yā

Reduplicated aorist, active indicative

From 'prati' + 'ud' (upasargas) + root 'yā' (to go)

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

रथाः (rathāḥ) - charioteers (as warriors) (chariots, charioteers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, warrior fighting from a chariot, hero

Root: ram

Note: Subject of 'pratyudyayū'.