महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-8, verse-13

दृप्तानां प्रतिषेद्धासीद्धार्मिकानां च रक्षिता ।
योऽत्याक्षीत्कृपणस्यार्थे प्राणानपि परंतपः ॥१३॥

13. dṛptānāṁ pratiṣeddhāsīddhārmikānāṁ ca rakṣitā ,
yo'tyākṣītkṛpaṇasyārthe prāṇānapi paraṁtapaḥ.

13. dṛptānām pratiṣeddhā āsīt dhārmikāṇām ca rakṣitā
yaḥ atyākṣīt kṛpaṇasya arthe prāṇān api paraṃtapaḥ

13. yaḥ dṛptānām pratiṣeddhā āsīt ca dhārmikāṇām rakṣitā
kṛpaṇasya arthe prāṇān api atyākṣīt saḥ paraṃtapaḥ

13. He who was the suppressor of the arrogant and the protector of the righteous, and who, for the sake of a poor person, sacrificed even his own life (prāṇa), that scorcher of foes.

Words meanings summery:

• दृप्तानाम् (dṛptānām) - of the arrogant, of the proud

• प्रतिषेद्धा (pratiṣeddhā) - suppressor, restrainer, obstructor

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, he was

• धार्मिकाणाम् (dhārmikāṇām) - of the righteous, of those who uphold natural law (dharma)

• च (ca) - and, also

• रक्षिता (rakṣitā) - protector, guardian

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• अत्याक्षीत् (atyākṣīt) - he abandoned, he sacrificed, he gave up

• कृपणस्य (kṛpaṇasya) - of a poor person, of a wretched one

• अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

दृप्तानाम् (dṛptānām) - of the arrogant, of the proud

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dṛpta

dṛpta - arrogant, proud, haughty, swollen

Past Passive Participle

From root `dṛp` (to be proud, to swell) + suffix `kta`.

Root: dṛp (class 4)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun (e.g., people).

प्रतिषेद्धा (pratiṣeddhā) - suppressor, restrainer, obstructor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiṣeddhṛ

pratiṣeddhṛ - one who prevents, obstructs, suppresses

agent noun

From `prati` (prefix) + root `sidh` (to ward off, repel) + suffix `tṛc`.

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense

3rd person singular, Imperfect Active.

Root: as (class 2)

धार्मिकाणाम् (dhārmikāṇām) - of the righteous, of those who uphold natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, upholding natural law (dharma)

From `dharma` + suffix `ṭhak` (ika).

Note: Qualifies an implied noun (e.g., people).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रक्षिता (rakṣitā) - protector, guardian

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣitṛ

rakṣitṛ - protector, guardian, preserver

agent noun

From root `rakṣ` (to protect) + suffix `tṛc`.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

अत्याक्षीत् (atyākṣīt) - he abandoned, he sacrificed, he gave up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of tyaj

Aorist tense

From `ati` (prefix) + root `tyaj` (to abandon, sacrifice). 3rd person singular Aorist active.

Prefix: ati

Root: tyaj (class 1)

कृपणस्य (kṛpaṇasya) - of a poor person, of a wretched one

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - poor, miserable, wretched, piteous, avaricious

Root: kṛp (class 1)

अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, object, meaning, wealth, sake

Often used in locative singular to mean 'for the sake of'.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air, spirit

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies (epithet for a hero)

Literally 'one who heats/torments others'.

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, hostile
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)
• tapa – causing pain, heating, tormenting
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root 'tap' (to heat, to torment) + suffix 'a'.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject 'yaḥ'.