महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-8, verse-37

के च तत्र तनुं त्यक्त्वा प्रतीपं मृत्युमाव्रजन् ।
द्रोणस्य समरे वीराः केऽकुर्वन्त परां धृतिम् ॥३७॥

37. ke ca tatra tanuṁ tyaktvā pratīpaṁ mṛtyumāvrajan ,
droṇasya samare vīrāḥ ke'kurvanta parāṁ dhṛtim.

37. ke ca tatra tanum tyaktvā pratīpam mṛtyum āvrajan
droṇasya samare vīrāḥ ke akurvanta parām dhṛtim

37. ca tatra ke tanum tyaktvā pratīpam mṛtyum āvrajan
droṇasya samare ke vīrāḥ parām dhṛtim akurvanta

37. And who among them, having given up their bodies there, faced death? Which heroes displayed supreme fortitude in Drona's battle?

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, then

• तनुम् (tanum) - body, physical form

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - facing against (death) (adverse, against, hostile, opposite)

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• आव्रजन् (āvrajan) - they went, they approached, they met

• द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Drona

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave men

• के (ke) - who, which

• अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - they did, they performed

• पराम् (parām) - supreme, excellent, highest

• धृतिम् (dhṛtim) - fortitude, steadfastness, firmness

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, then

(indeclinable)

तनुम् (tanum) - body, physical form

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tanu

tanu - body, limb, form, person

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -ktvā

Root: tyaj (class 1)

प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - facing against (death) (adverse, against, hostile, opposite)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratīpa

pratīpa - adverse, against, hostile, contrary

Prefix: prati

Root: ap (class 5)

Note: It qualifies `mṛtyum`.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality

Root: mṛ (class 6)

आव्रजन् (āvrajan) - they went, they approached, they met

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āvrajan

imperfect

3rd person plural imperfect active of root vraj with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: vraj (class 1)

द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Drona

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a proper name, the teacher of the Pandavas and Kauravas)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

के (ke) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - they did, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of akurvanta

imperfect

3rd person plural imperfect middle of root kṛ (to do, to make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The middle voice here implies 'they performed for themselves' or 'they did their part'.

पराम् (parām) - supreme, excellent, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, other, ultimate

Note: Qualifies `dhṛtim`.

धृतिम् (dhṛtim) - fortitude, steadfastness, firmness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhṛti

dhṛti - fortitude, steadfastness, firmness, courage

Root: dhṛ (class 1)