महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-8, verse-18

आशंसन्तः पराञ्जेतुं जितश्वासा जितव्यथाः ।
हयाः प्रजविताः शीघ्रा भारद्वाजरथोद्वहाः ॥१८॥

18. āśaṁsantaḥ parāñjetuṁ jitaśvāsā jitavyathāḥ ,
hayāḥ prajavitāḥ śīghrā bhāradvājarathodvahāḥ.

18. āśaṃsantaḥ parān jetum jitaśvāsāḥ jitavyathāḥ
hayāḥ prajavitāḥ śīghrāḥ bhāradvājarathodvahāḥ

18. bhāradvājarathodvahāḥ,
śīghrāḥ,
prajavitāḥ hayāḥ,
parān jetum āśaṃsantaḥ,
jitaśvāsāḥ,
jitavyathāḥ [āsan]

18. The swift and rapid horses, drawing Bhāradvāja's chariot, were eager to conquer their enemies, having controlled their breathing and overcome their pain and fatigue.

Words meanings summery:

• आशंसन्तः (āśaṁsantaḥ) - eager to, aspiring to (hoping, desiring, wishing)

• परान् (parān) - enemies (others, enemies, opponents)

• जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer (to conquer, to win, to overcome)

• जितश्वासाः (jitaśvāsāḥ) - with controlled breathing, having overcome exhaustion (having controlled breath, having overcome fatigue)

• जितव्यथाः (jitavyathāḥ) - free from pain and distress (having overcome pain/distress, free from pain)

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• प्रजविताः (prajavitāḥ) - very swift, very quick, very fast

• शीघ्राः (śīghrāḥ) - quick, rapid, swift

• भारद्वाजरथोद्वहाः (bhāradvājarathodvahāḥ) - drawing Bhāradvāja's chariot, carrying Bhāradvāja's chariot

Words meanings and morphology

आशंसन्तः (āśaṁsantaḥ) - eager to, aspiring to (hoping, desiring, wishing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśaṃsat

āśaṁsat - hoping, wishing, desiring

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śaṃs (to praise, declare) with prefix ā- and śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ'.

परान् (parān) - enemies (others, enemies, opponents)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, enemy, highest, supreme

Note: Object of 'jetum'.

जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer (to conquer, to win, to overcome)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of ji

infinitive

Infinitive form of root ji with tumun suffix.

Root: ji (class 1)

जितश्वासाः (jitaśvāsāḥ) - with controlled breathing, having overcome exhaustion (having controlled breath, having overcome fatigue)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitaśvāsa

jitaśvāsa - having controlled breath or overcome fatigue

Bahuvrihi compound: jita (conquered/controlled) + śvāsa (breath/fatigue).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (jita+śvāsa)

• jita – conquered, overcome, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• śvāsa – breath, respiration, sigh, fatigue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ'.

जितव्यथाः (jitavyathāḥ) - free from pain and distress (having overcome pain/distress, free from pain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitavyathā

jitavyathā - having overcome pain or distress

Bahuvrihi compound: jita (conquered/overcome) + vyathā (pain/distress).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (jita+vyathā)

• jita – conquered, overcome, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• vyathā – pain, distress, trouble, fear
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ'.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रजविताः (prajavitāḥ) - very swift, very quick, very fast

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prajavita

prajavita - very swift, rapid, accelerated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ju (to be quick) with prefix pra- and kta suffix, or from pravita (swift) with pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: ju (class 1)

शीघ्राः (śīghrāḥ) - quick, rapid, swift

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śīghra

śīghra - quick, rapid, swift, speedy

भारद्वाजरथोद्वहाः (bhāradvājarathodvahāḥ) - drawing Bhāradvāja's chariot, carrying Bhāradvāja's chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāradvājarathodvaha

bhāradvājarathodvaha - bearing/drawing the chariot of Bhāradvāja (Droṇa)

Compound: Bhāradvāja (Droṇa) + ratha (chariot) + udvaha (bearing/drawing).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhāradvāja+ratha+udvaha)

• bhāradvāja – descendant of Bharadvāja, Droṇa
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)
• udvaha – bearing, carrying, drawing
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt affix
  Derived from ud- + vah (to carry).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ'.