महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-8, verse-38

एतदार्येण कर्तव्यं कृच्छ्रास्वापत्सु संजय ।
पराक्रमेद्यथाशक्त्या तच्च तस्मिन्प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥३८॥

38. etadāryeṇa kartavyaṁ kṛcchrāsvāpatsu saṁjaya ,
parākramedyathāśaktyā tacca tasminpratiṣṭhitam.

38. etat āryeṇa kartavyam kṛcchrāsu āpatsu saṃjaya
parākramẹt yathāśaktyā tat ca tasmin pratiṣṭhitam

38. saṃjaya kṛcchrāsu āpatsu etat āryeṇa kartavyam
yathāśaktyā parākramẹt ca tat tasmin pratiṣṭhitam

38. O Sanjaya, a noble person should act in this way during difficult calamities. One should display valor according to one's ability (śakti), and that (valor) is indeed inherent in such a person.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (duty/action) (this, this (matter/duty))

• आर्येण (āryeṇa) - by a noble one, by a respectable person

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done, proper to be done, duty

• कृच्छ्रासु (kṛcchrāsu) - in difficult, in distressful

• आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities, in misfortunes, in distresses

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

• पराक्रमे̣त् (parākramẹt) - one should show valor, one should exert oneself

• यथाशक्त्या (yathāśaktyā) - according to ability, as far as power extends

• तत् (tat) - that (valor) (that, this)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in such a noble person (in him, in that)

• प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - inherent (in him) (established, founded, resting, inherent)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (duty/action) (this, this (matter/duty))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: It's technically nominative/accusative neuter singular. Here used as a subject.

आर्येण (āryeṇa) - by a noble one, by a respectable person

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable, an Arya

Note: Acts as the agent for `kartavyam`.

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done, proper to be done, duty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done, duty, obligation

gerundive

Future Passive Participle/Gerundive from root kṛ + tavya suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative adjective.

कृच्छ्रासु (kṛcchrāsu) - in difficult, in distressful

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, hard, painful, distressing

Note: Qualifies `āpatsu`.

आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities, in misfortunes, in distresses

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)

पराक्रमे̣त् (parākramẹt) - one should show valor, one should exert oneself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of parākram

optative

3rd person singular optative active of root kram with prefix parā

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Implying 'one should' as general advice.

यथाशक्त्या (yathāśaktyā) - according to ability, as far as power extends

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+śakti)

• yathā – as, in which way, according to
  indeclinable
• śakti – power, ability, energy (śakti)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: It's an indeclinable compound, but the form here is instrumental, acting as an adverbial phrase.

तत् (tat) - that (valor) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Refers to the valor/exertion.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in such a noble person (in him, in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, it

Note: Refers back to `āryeṇa`.

प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - inherent (in him) (established, founded, resting, inherent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, founded, fixed, inherent

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root sthā with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for `tat`.