महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-8, verse-29

योऽधीत्य चतुरो वेदान्सर्वानाख्यानपञ्चमान् ।
ब्राह्मणानां प्रतिष्ठासीत्स्रोतसामिव सागरः ।
स कथं ब्राह्मणो वृद्धः शस्त्रेण वधमाप्तवान् ॥२९॥

29. yo'dhītya caturo vedānsarvānākhyānapañcamān ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ pratiṣṭhāsītsrotasāmiva sāgaraḥ ,
sa kathaṁ brāhmaṇo vṛddhaḥ śastreṇa vadhamāptavān.

29. yaḥ adhītya caturaḥ vedān sarvān
ākhyānapañcamān brāhmaṇānām pratiṣṭhā āsīt
srotasām iva sāgaraḥ saḥ katham
brāhmaṇaḥ vṛddhaḥ śastreṇa vadham āptavān

29. saḥ yaḥ caturaḥ sarvān ākhyānapañcamān
vedān adhītya srotasām sāgaraḥ iva
brāhmaṇānām pratiṣṭhā āsīt saḥ vṛddhaḥ
brāhmaṇaḥ katham śastreṇa vadham āptavān

29. He who, having thoroughly studied all four Vedas along with the narratives (Purāṇas and Itihāsas) as the fifth, became the refuge of Brahmins, just as the ocean is the refuge of rivers – how did that elderly Brahmin obtain death by a weapon?

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

• अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied, having learned, having mastered

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• वेदान् (vedān) - Vedas, sacred knowledge

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire, whole

• आख्यानपञ्चमान् (ākhyānapañcamān) - referring to the Vedas, implying the Purāṇas and Itihāsas as the fifth category of sacred texts (having narratives as the fifth part, containing the narratives as the fifth)

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins, pertaining to Brahmins

• प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) - foundation, support, refuge, status, establishment

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed, became

• स्रोतसाम् (srotasām) - of streams, of rivers

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - ocean

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brahmin

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - elderly (old, aged, grown, increased)

• शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - by a weapon, with a weapon

• वधम् (vadham) - death, killing, slaughter

• आप्तवान् (āptavān) - obtained, reached, gained

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied, having learned, having mastered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from the verbal root 'ī' (to go, to learn) with the prefix 'adhi' and the suffix '-tya'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: ī (class 2)

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of catur

catur - four

वेदान् (vedān) - Vedas, sacred knowledge

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, knowledge, sacred lore

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

आख्यानपञ्चमान् (ākhyānapañcamān) - referring to the Vedas, implying the Purāṇas and Itihāsas as the fifth category of sacred texts (having narratives as the fifth part, containing the narratives as the fifth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ākhyānapañcama

ākhyānapañcama - that which has narratives as the fifth, including narratives as the fifth part

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ākhyāna+pañcama)

• ākhyāna – narrative, tale, story, legend
  noun (neuter)
• pañcama – fifth
  adjective

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins, pertaining to Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin (member of the priestly class), related to Brahman

प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) - foundation, support, refuge, status, establishment

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pratiṣṭhā

pratiṣṭhā - foundation, establishment, support, refuge, fame, status

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

स्रोतसाम् (srotasām) - of streams, of rivers

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of srotas

srotas - stream, current, river

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - ocean

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin (member of the priestly class), related to Brahman

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - elderly (old, aged, grown, increased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, augmented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the verbal root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - by a weapon, with a weapon

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, instrument, tool

वधम् (vadham) - death, killing, slaughter

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, death, blow

Root: vadh

आप्तवान् (āptavān) - obtained, reached, gained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āptavat

āptavat - one who has obtained/reached

Past Active Participle

Derived from the verbal root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with the suffix '-tavat'.

Root: āp (class 5)