महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-77, verse-13

तमनार्यं सदा क्षुद्रं पुरुषं कामचारिणम् ।
आर्यां युद्धे मतिं कृत्वा जहि पार्थाविचारयन् ॥१३॥

13. tamanāryaṁ sadā kṣudraṁ puruṣaṁ kāmacāriṇam ,
āryāṁ yuddhe matiṁ kṛtvā jahi pārthāvicārayan.

13. tam anāryam sadā kṣudram puruṣam kāmacāriṇam
āryām yuddhe matim kṛtvā jahi pārtha avicārayan

13. pārtha,
yuddhe āryām matim kṛtvā,
tam anāryam sadā kṣudram kāmacāriṇam puruṣam avicārayan jahi

13. O Pārtha, making a noble resolution for battle, kill that ignoble, perpetually despicable person (puruṣa) who acts as he pleases, without any hesitation.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (person, referring to Duryodhana) (him, that)

• अनार्यम् (anāryam) - ignoble, unworthy, not noble

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - despicable, mean, low, insignificant

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person, man, male

• कामचारिणम् (kāmacāriṇam) - acting as one pleases, unrestrained, self-willed

• आर्याम् (āryām) - noble, honorable, respectable

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• मतिम् (matim) - resolve, intention, thought, mind

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made up your mind (having done, having made, having performed)

• जहि (jahi) - kill, destroy, conquer

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā (Arjuna)

• अविचारयन् (avicārayan) - without reflecting, without hesitation, without thinking

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (person, referring to Duryodhana) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, implied from context.

अनार्यम् (anāryam) - ignoble, unworthy, not noble

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anārya

anārya - ignoble, unworthy, not noble, uncultured

Derived from 'ārya' (noble) with negative prefix 'an-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ārya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• ārya – noble, respectable, cultured
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies `puruṣam`.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - despicable, mean, low, insignificant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, mean, low, despicable, insignificant

Note: Modifies `puruṣam`.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person, man, male

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, cosmic person

Note: Object of the verb `jahi`.

कामचारिणम् (kāmacāriṇam) - acting as one pleases, unrestrained, self-willed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāmacārin

kāmacārin - acting as one pleases, unrestrained, self-willed, following one's desires

Compound formed from `kāma` (desire) and `cārin` (moving, acting).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (kāma+cārin)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
• cārin – moving, acting, going, following
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun derived from root 'car' (to move)
  Agent noun from root `car` with suffix `-in`.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Modifies `puruṣam`.

आर्याम् (āryām) - noble, honorable, respectable

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āryā

āryā - noble, respectable, cultured, belonging to a noble race

Feminine form of `ārya`.

Note: Modifies `matim`.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle of root 'yudh'

Derived from root `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Refers to the setting for `matim kṛtvā`.

मतिम् (matim) - resolve, intention, thought, mind

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, thought, intelligence, intention, resolve

derived from root 'man' (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of `kṛtvā`.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made up your mind (having done, having made, having performed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root `kṛ` with suffix `-tvā`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies the main verb `jahi`.

जहि (jahi) - kill, destroy, conquer

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

Note: Addressed to Arjuna.

अविचारयन् (avicārayan) - without reflecting, without hesitation, without thinking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avicārayat

avicārayat - not reflecting, not thinking, not considering

present active participle

Negative participle from root `car` with prefix `vi-` (to consider, reflect) and negative prefix `a-`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vicārayat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vicārayat – reflecting, thinking, considering
  adjective (masculine)
  present active participle
  Present active participle from causative of root `car` (to move/think) with prefix `vi-`.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (Arjuna), acting adverbially.

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