महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-77, verse-20

येनैतद्दीर्घकालं नो भुक्तं राज्यमकण्टकम् ।
अप्यस्य युधि विक्रम्य छिन्द्यां मूर्धानमाहवे ॥२०॥

20. yenaitaddīrghakālaṁ no bhuktaṁ rājyamakaṇṭakam ,
apyasya yudhi vikramya chindyāṁ mūrdhānamāhave.

20. yena etat dīrghakālam naḥ bhuktam rājyam akaṇṭakam
api asya yudhi vikramya chindyām mūrdhānam āhave

20. yena naḥ etat akaṇṭakam rājyam dīrghakālam bhuktam
api asya mūrdhānam yudhi āhave vikramya chindyām

20. By whom this undisputed kingdom (rājyam) was enjoyed by us for a long time. Even his head I shall sever in battle, having displayed valor in the fight.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time, during a long period

• नः (naḥ) - by us (the Pandavas) (by us, our)

• भुक्तम् (bhuktam) - enjoyed, eaten, possessed

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, reign

• अकण्टकम् (akaṇṭakam) - undisputed, unchallenged (thornless, undisputed, unchallenged, free from enemies)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• अस्य (asya) - of him, his

• युधि (yudhi) - in the fight (in battle, in war, in fight)

• विक्रम्य (vikramya) - having displayed valor, having attacked, having advanced forcefully

• छिन्द्याम् (chindyām) - I shall sever (I would cut, I should cut, I might cut)

• मूर्धानम् (mūrdhānam) - head, top, summit

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat, in war

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to Suyodhana (Duryodhana).

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'rājyam'.

दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time, during a long period

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dīrgha+kāla)

• dīrgha – long, lengthy
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially here to indicate duration.

नः (naḥ) - by us (the Pandavas) (by us, our)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Here used as agent with a passive construction.

भुक्तम् (bhuktam) - enjoyed, eaten, possessed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhukta

bhukta - enjoyed, eaten, consumed, possessed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhuj' (to enjoy, eat).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'rājyam'.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, reign

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, reign, government

अकण्टकम् (akaṇṭakam) - undisputed, unchallenged (thornless, undisputed, unchallenged, free from enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akaṇṭaka

akaṇṭaka - thornless, free from enemies or obstacles, undisputed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kaṇṭaka)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• kaṇṭaka – thorn, impediment, enemy
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rājyam'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to Suyodhana (Duryodhana).

युधि (yudhi) - in the fight (in battle, in war, in fight)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

विक्रम्य (vikramya) - having displayed valor, having attacked, having advanced forcefully

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'kram' (to step, go) with upasarga 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

छिन्द्याम् (chindyām) - I shall sever (I would cut, I should cut, I might cut)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of chid

Optative Mood

Root 'chid' (7th class, Parasmaipada), 1st person singular optative form.

Root: chid (class 7)

मूर्धानम् (mūrdhānam) - head, top, summit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit, foremost part

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat, conflict

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Previous Verse Next Verse