महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-77, verse-31

तौ हृष्टरूपौ संप्रेक्ष्य कौरवेयाश्च सर्वशः ।
निराशाः समपद्यन्त पुत्रस्य तव जीविते ॥३१॥

31. tau hṛṣṭarūpau saṁprekṣya kauraveyāśca sarvaśaḥ ,
nirāśāḥ samapadyanta putrasya tava jīvite.

31. tau hṛṣṭarūpau samprekṣya kauraveyāḥ ca sarvaśaḥ
nirāśāḥ samapadyanta putrasya tava jīvite

31. tau,
hṛṣṭarūpau,
samprekṣya,
ca,
sarvaśaḥ,
kauraveyāḥ,
tava,
putrasya,
jīvite,
nirāśāḥ,
samapadyanta

31. Observing those two (Krishna and Arjuna) with such delighted appearances, all the Kauravas became utterly despondent about your son's (Duryodhana's) life.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - Krishna and Arjuna (those two, they both)

• हृष्टरूपौ (hṛṣṭarūpau) - with delighted forms, having joyful appearances

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen, having observed, having perceived

• कौरवेयाः (kauraveyāḥ) - the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and their allies (the Kauravas (descendants of Kuru))

• च (ca) - and, also

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - all (of them) (entirely, completely, all around, in every way)

• निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - hopeless, despondent, despairing

• समपद्यन्त (samapadyanta) - they became, they attained, they resulted

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of your son (Duryodhana) (of the son)

• तव (tava) - of your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your, of you)

• जीविते (jīvite) - about the life (of Duryodhana) (in life, regarding life, on the life)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - Krishna and Arjuna (those two, they both)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `samprekṣya`.

हृष्टरूपौ (hṛṣṭarūpau) - with delighted forms, having joyful appearances

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of hṛṣṭarūpa

hṛṣṭarūpa - having a delighted or joyful appearance/form

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛṣṭa+rūpa)

• hṛṣṭa – delighted, joyful, thrilled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `hṛṣ` (to be glad, rejoice).
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape
  noun (neuter)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen, having observed, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From `sam-pra-īkṣ` (root `īkṣ` class 1, with prefixes `sam` and `pra`).

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

कौरवेयाः (kauraveyāḥ) - the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and their allies (the Kauravas (descendants of Kuru))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kauraveya

kauraveya - descendant of Kuru, the Kauravas

Derivative of Kuru.

Note: Subject of `samapadyanta`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - all (of them) (entirely, completely, all around, in every way)

(indeclinable)

Formed from `sarva` with suffix `śas`.

Note: Adverbial.

निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - hopeless, despondent, despairing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirāśā

nirāśā - hopeless, despondent

Compound `nis` (without) + `āśā` (hope).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āśā)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition.
• āśā – hope, expectation
  noun (feminine)
  Root: āś (class 5)

समपद्यन्त (samapadyanta) - they became, they attained, they resulted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of sampad

Imperfect Middle

From `sam-pad` (root `pad` class 4, with prefix `sam`).

Prefix: sam

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Verb for `kauraveyāḥ`.

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of your son (Duryodhana) (of the son)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

तव (tava) - of your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Genitive singular of `tvad`.

Note: Possessive, refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

जीविते (jīvite) - about the life (of Duryodhana) (in life, regarding life, on the life)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root `jīv` (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

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