महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-77, verse-26

तस्मिञ्जनसमुन्नादे प्रवृत्ते भैरवे सति ।
कदर्थीकृत्य ते पुत्रः प्रत्यमित्रमवारयत् ॥२६॥

26. tasmiñjanasamunnāde pravṛtte bhairave sati ,
kadarthīkṛtya te putraḥ pratyamitramavārayat.

26. tasmin jana-samunnāde pravṛtte bhairave sati
kadarthīkṛtya te putraḥ prati-amitram avārayat

26. tasmin bhairave jana-samunnāde pravṛtte sati
te putraḥ prati-amitram kadarthīkṛtya avārayat

26. While that terrible roar of the people was resounding, your son, disregarding his adversary, held him back.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

• जन-समुन्नादे (jana-samunnāde) - in the roar of the people, in the loud cry of the folk

• प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - having occurred, having begun, set in motion

• भैरवे (bhairave) - terrible, dreadful, formidable

• सति (sati) - being, existing, when it was

• कदर्थीकृत्य (kadarthīkṛtya) - having disregarded, having humiliated, having slighted

• ते (te) - your

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Duryodhana (son)

• प्रति-अमित्रम् (prati-amitram) - Arjuna, as Duryodhana's enemy (the enemy, the adversary)

• अवारयत् (avārayat) - he stopped, he held back, he restrained

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'jana-samunnāde'

जन-समुन्नादे (jana-samunnāde) - in the roar of the people, in the loud cry of the folk

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jana-samunnāda

jana-samunnāda - roar of the people, loud cry of the crowd

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+samunnāda)

• jana – people, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• samunnāda – loud sound, clamour, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From 'sam' + 'ud' + root 'nad' (to sound)
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: nad (class 1)

प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - having occurred, having begun, set in motion

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - begun, started, happened, active

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'pra' + root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist) + suffix '-kta'

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jana-samunnāde', forming a locative absolute construction

भैरवे (bhairave) - terrible, dreadful, formidable

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhairava

bhairava - terrible, dreadful, formidable, frightful

From 'bhīru' (fearful) or 'bhaya' (fear)

Note: Agrees with 'jana-samunnāde'

सति (sati) - being, existing, when it was

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true

Present Participle

Present participle of root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

कदर्थीकृत्य (kadarthīkṛtya) - having disregarded, having humiliated, having slighted

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

From 'kadartha' (worthless) + Cvi suffix ('ī') + root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + suffix '-lyap'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of genitive singular

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Duryodhana (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

प्रति-अमित्रम् (prati-amitram) - Arjuna, as Duryodhana's enemy (the enemy, the adversary)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prati-amitra

prati-amitra - enemy, adversary

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prati+amitra)

• prati – towards, against, in return
  indeclinable
• amitra – enemy, foe, without friends
  noun (masculine)
  From 'a-' (negation) + 'mitra' (friend)

अवारयत् (avārayat) - he stopped, he held back, he restrained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Prefix: a

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: From 'a' (augment) + 'vār' (causative stem of vṛ) + 'ayat' (imperfect ending)

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