महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-5, verse-33

सैनिकाश्च मुदा युक्ता वर्धयन्ति द्विजोत्तमम् ।
दुर्योधनं पुरस्कृत्य प्रार्थयन्तो महद्यशः ॥३३॥

33. sainikāśca mudā yuktā vardhayanti dvijottamam ,
duryodhanaṁ puraskṛtya prārthayanto mahadyaśaḥ.

33. sainikāḥ ca mudā yuktāḥ vardhayanti dvijottamam
duryodhanam puraskṛtya prārthayantaḥ mahat yaśaḥ

33. ca sainikāḥ mudā yuktāḥ duryodhanam puraskṛtya
mahat yaśaḥ prārthayantaḥ dvijottamam vardhayanti

33. And the soldiers, filled with joy and making Duryodhana their leader, glorified Drona, the best of Brahmins (dvijottama), desiring great fame.

Words meanings summery:

• सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - the soldiers (of the Kaurava army) (soldiers, warriors)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मुदा (mudā) - with joy (with joy, gladly)

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - filled with (joy) (joined, endowed with, connected, engaged)

• वर्धयन्ति (vardhayanti) - they glorify (Drona) (they glorify, they increase, they promote)

• द्विजोत्तमम् (dvijottamam) - Drona, the best of Brahmins (dvijottama) (the best of Brahmins, the best of the twice-born)

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having made Duryodhana their leader (having placed in front, having made chief, having honored)

• प्रार्थयन्तः (prārthayantaḥ) - desiring (great fame) (requesting, desiring, praying for)

• महत् (mahat) - great (fame) (great, large, important)

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - great fame (fame, glory, renown)

Words meanings and morphology

सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - the soldiers (of the Kaurava army) (soldiers, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainika

sainika - soldier, belonging to an army

Note: Subject of `vardhayanti`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मुदा (mudā) - with joy (with joy, gladly)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mud

mud - joy, delight, happiness

Note: Adverbial use.

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - filled with (joy) (joined, endowed with, connected, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, endowed with, engaged, proper (yoga)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `yuj` (to join) + suffix `kta`.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Often used with instrumental for 'endowed with'.

वर्धयन्ति (vardhayanti) - they glorify (Drona) (they glorify, they increase, they promote)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vṛdh

causative present active

3rd person plural present active of causative of `vṛdh`.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

द्विजोत्तमम् (dvijottamam) - Drona, the best of Brahmins (dvijottama) (the best of Brahmins, the best of the twice-born)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of the twice-born (dvija), best of Brahmins

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of `vardhayanti`. Refers to Drona.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Note: Object of `puraskṛtya`.

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having made Duryodhana their leader (having placed in front, having made chief, having honored)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from `puras` (before, in front) + root `kṛ` (to do/make) + `lyap` (absolutive suffix with prefix).

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Precedes the main verb `vardhayanti`.

प्रार्थयन्तः (prārthayantaḥ) - desiring (great fame) (requesting, desiring, praying for)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prārthayat

prārthayat - requesting, desiring, praying for

Present Active Participle (denominative/causative of `arth`)

Derived from root `arth` (to seek) with prefix `pra` and causative/denominative suffix + `śatṛ`.

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `sainikāḥ`.

महत् (mahat) - great (fame) (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

यशः (yaśaḥ) - great fame (fame, glory, renown)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, renown, splendor