महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-5, verse-21

संजय उवाच ।
कर्णस्य वचनं श्रुत्वा राजा दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
सेनामध्यगतं द्रोणमिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥२१॥

21. saṁjaya uvāca ,
karṇasya vacanaṁ śrutvā rājā duryodhanastadā ,
senāmadhyagataṁ droṇamidaṁ vacanamabravīt.

21. sañjayaḥ uvāca karṇasya vacanam śrutvā rājā duryodhanaḥ
tadā senāmadhyagatam droṇam idam vacanam abravīt

21. sañjayaḥ uvāca tadā rājā duryodhanaḥ karṇasya vacanam
śrutvā senāmadhyagatam droṇam idam vacanam abravīt

21. Sanjaya said: Then King Duryodhana, having heard Karna's words, spoke this statement to Drona, who was standing amidst the army.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karna

• वचनम् (vacanam) - The words spoken by Karna. (word, speech, statement)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सेनामध्यगतम् (senāmadhyagatam) - gone to the middle of the army, situated in the midst of the army

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Dronacharya, the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pandavas. (Drona)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचनम् (vacanam) - The specific statement made by Duryodhana. (word, speech, statement)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (charioteer and narrator to Dhritarashtra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect 3rd person singular

Root vac (2nd class)

Root: vac (class 2)

कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (eldest son of Kunti, ally of Duryodhana)

वचनम् (vacanam) - The words spoken by Karna. (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, saying, word, speech, statement

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of śrutvā

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Root śru (5th class) + ktvā pratyaya

Root: śru (class 5)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

n-stem noun

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince)

Note: Appositive to rājā

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from the pronominal stem tad (that)

Note: temporal adverb

सेनामध्यगतम् (senāmadhyagatam) - gone to the middle of the army, situated in the midst of the army

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of senāmadhyagata

senāmadhyagata - gone to the middle of the army, standing amidst the army

Compound: senā (army) + madhya (middle) + gata (gone, attained)

Compound type : tatpurusha (senā+madhya+gata)

• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Drona

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Dronacharya, the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pandavas. (Drona)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the preceptor of the Pandavas and Kauravas)

Note: Object of abravīt

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this (here, immediately present)

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Qualifies vacanam

वचनम् (vacanam) - The specific statement made by Duryodhana. (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, saying, word, speech, statement

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect 3rd person singular

Root brū (2nd class), with augment 'a' for imperfect.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.