महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-5, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
रथस्थं पुरुषव्याघ्रं दृष्ट्वा कर्णमवस्थितम् ।
हृष्टो दुर्योधनो राजन्निदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
rathasthaṁ puruṣavyāghraṁ dṛṣṭvā karṇamavasthitam ,
hṛṣṭo duryodhano rājannidaṁ vacanamabravīt.

1. sanjaya uvāca rathasthaṃ puruṣavyāghraṃ dṛṣṭvā karṇam
avasthitam hṛṣṭaḥ duryodhanaḥ rājan idaṃ vacanam abravīt

1. sanjaya uvāca rājan duryodhanaḥ rathasthaṃ puruṣavyāghraṃ
karṇam avasthitam dṛṣṭvā hṛṣṭaḥ idaṃ vacanam abravīt

1. Sanjaya said: "O King, when Duryodhana saw Karna, that tiger among men (puruṣavyāghra), standing ready on the chariot, he became overjoyed and spoke these words."

Words meanings summery:

• सन्जय (sanjaya) - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• रथस्थं (rathasthaṁ) - seated on the chariot, standing on the chariot

• पुरुषव्याघ्रं (puruṣavyāghraṁ) - tiger among men, best of men, excellent man

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna

• अवस्थितम् (avasthitam) - standing, situated, ready

• हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - delighted, overjoyed, thrilled

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• इदम् (idam) - this, these

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

सन्जय (sanjaya) - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (Lit-lakāra), 3rd person singular

Strong form of root `vac`

Root: vac (class 2)

रथस्थं (rathasthaṁ) - seated on the chariot, standing on the chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing or situated in a chariot

From ratha and stha (from sthā 'to stand')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā 'to stand'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies Karṇa.

पुरुषव्याघ्रं (puruṣavyāghraṁ) - tiger among men, best of men, excellent man

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men (metaphor for excellent man), best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive for Karṇa.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive / indeclinable participle

formed with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - name of a warrior, ear

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

अवस्थितम् (avasthitam) - standing, situated, ready

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avasthita

avasthita - standing, situated, being in a certain state, ready

Past Passive Participle

formed from root sthā with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying Karṇa.

हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - delighted, overjoyed, thrilled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, glad, joyful

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛṣ 'to be thrilled'

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies Duryodhana.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this, these

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Note: Refers to the following speech.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, statement

From root vac 'to speak'

Root: vac (class 2)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra), 3rd person singular

From root brū (or vac)

Root: brū (class 2)