महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-2, verse-36

वरूथिना महता सध्वजेन सुवर्णमुक्तामणिवज्रशालिना ।
सदश्वयुक्तेन रथेन कर्णो मेघस्वनेनार्क इवामितौजाः ॥३६॥

36. varūthinā mahatā sadhvajena; suvarṇamuktāmaṇivajraśālinā ,
sadaśvayuktena rathena karṇo; meghasvanenārka ivāmitaujāḥ.

36. varūthinā mahatā sadhvajena suvarṇamuktāmaṇivajraśālinā
sadasvayuktena rathena karṇaḥ meghasvanena arkaḥ iva amitaujāḥ

36. amitaujāḥ karṇaḥ meghasvanena arkah iva,
mahatā sadhvajena suvarṇamuktāmaṇivajraśālinā sadasvayuktena varūthinā rathena (yuddhe āsīt)

36. Karṇa, possessing immeasurable energy, resembling the sun, with a thundering sound like a cloud, was (in battle) in a great, splendid chariot, equipped with a banner, adorned with gold, pearls, gems, and diamonds, and yoked with excellent horses.

Words meanings summery:

• वरूथिना (varūthinā) - with a splendid war-chariot (with an armor-plated chariot; with an excellent chariot)

• महता (mahatā) - with a great (chariot) (by a great one, with a great one)

• सध्वजेन (sadhvajena) - with a banner (on his chariot) (with a banner, bearing a standard)

• सुवर्णमुक्तामणिवज्रशालिना (suvarṇamuktāmaṇivajraśālinā) - adorned with gold, pearls, gems, and diamonds

• सदस्वयुक्तेन (sadasvayuktena) - yoked with excellent horses

• रथेन (rathena) - with a chariot (by chariot, with a chariot)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• मेघस्वनेन (meghasvanena) - with a thundering sound like a cloud (with a sound like a cloud, with a thundering sound)

• अर्कः (arkaḥ) - the sun

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• अमितौजाः (amitaujāḥ) - possessing immeasurable energy (Karṇa) (of immeasurable strength/energy/splendor)

Words meanings and morphology

वरूथिना (varūthinā) - with a splendid war-chariot (with an armor-plated chariot; with an excellent chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of varūthin

varūthin - chariot with an armor-plate; a warrior with a defensive garment, an excellent chariot

Note: Modifies rathena.

महता (mahatā) - with a great (chariot) (by a great one, with a great one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Note: Modifies rathena.

सध्वजेन (sadhvajena) - with a banner (on his chariot) (with a banner, bearing a standard)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sadhvaja

sadhvaja - with a flag, having a banner

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dhvaja)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies rathena.

सुवर्णमुक्तामणिवज्रशालिना (suvarṇamuktāmaṇivajraśālinā) - adorned with gold, pearls, gems, and diamonds

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of suvarṇamuktāmaṇivajraśālin

suvarṇamuktāmaṇivajraśālin - splendid with gold, pearls, gems, and diamonds

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (suvarṇa+muktā+maṇi+vajra+śālin)

• suvarṇa – gold, good color
  noun (neuter)
• muktā – pearl
  noun (feminine)
• maṇi – gem, jewel
  noun (masculine)
• vajra – diamond, thunderbolt
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• śālin – possessing, adorned with, shining
  adjective
  Suffix in added to śāla (shining, splendid)

Note: Modifies rathena.

सदस्वयुक्तेन (sadasvayuktena) - yoked with excellent horses

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sadasvayukta

sadasvayukta - yoked with good horses (sat + aśva + yukta)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sat+aśva+yukta)

• sat – good, excellent, true
  adjective
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – yoked, joined, connected
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj (to yoke, join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies rathena.

रथेन (rathena) - with a chariot (by chariot, with a chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: This is the main noun that the previous adjectives modify.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name)

Note: Subject of the implied verb (e.g., 'was present', 'proceeded').

मेघस्वनेन (meghasvanena) - with a thundering sound like a cloud (with a sound like a cloud, with a thundering sound)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of meghasvana

meghasvana - sound of a cloud, thunderous sound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (megha+svana)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
• svana – sound, noise, thunder
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the comparison to the sun, or Karna himself.

अर्कः (arkaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arka

arka - sun, ray, praise

Note: Part of the simile: 'like the sun'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

अमितौजाः (amitaujāḥ) - possessing immeasurable energy (Karṇa) (of immeasurable strength/energy/splendor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amitaujas

amitaujas - having immeasurable strength, energy, or splendor (amita + ojas)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amita+ojas)

• amita – immeasurable, unlimited
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mā (to measure) with prefix a (negation)
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 3)
• ojas – strength, vigor, energy, splendor
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Karṇa.