महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-2, verse-2

श्रुत्वा तु कर्णः पुरुषेन्द्रमच्युतं निपातितं शांतनवं महारथम् ।
अथोपायात्तूर्णममित्रकर्शनो धनुर्धराणां प्रवरस्तदा वृषः ॥२॥

2. śrutvā tu karṇaḥ puruṣendramacyutaṁ; nipātitaṁ śāṁtanavaṁ mahāratham ,
athopāyāttūrṇamamitrakarśano; dhanurdharāṇāṁ pravarastadā vṛṣaḥ.

2. śrutvā tu karṇaḥ puruṣendram acyutam
nipātitam śāntanavam mahāratham
atha upāyāt tūrṇam amitrakarśanaḥ
dhanurdharāṇām pravaraḥ tadā vṛṣaḥ

2. tu karṇaḥ śāntanavam mahāratham
puruṣendram acyutam nipātitam śrutvā
atha tadā amitrakarśanaḥ dhanurdharāṇām
pravaraḥ vṛṣaḥ tūrṇam upāyāt

2. Hearing then that the chief among men, the unyielding son of Śāntanu (Bhishma), that great warrior, had been felled, Karna, the tormentor of enemies and the foremost of archers, quickly went forth then, that mighty one.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• तु (tu) - indicates a transition or emphasis (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (proper name)

• पुरुषेन्द्रम् (puruṣendram) - refers to Bhishma (chief among men, best of men)

• अच्युतम् (acyutam) - the unyielding one, an epithet for Bhishma indicating his strength (unfailing, imperishable, unfallen)

• निपातितम् (nipātitam) - felled, cast down, killed

• शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - refers to Bhishma (son of Śāntanu)

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - refers to Bhishma (great warrior, mighty charioteer)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• उपायात् (upāyāt) - he approached, he went towards

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• अमित्रकर्शनः (amitrakarśanaḥ) - refers to Karna (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

• धनुर्धराणाम् (dhanurdharāṇām) - of archers, of bow-bearers

• प्रवरः (pravaraḥ) - refers to Karna as the best archer (foremost, best, excellent)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - an epithet for Karna, indicating his strength and prowess (bull; mighty one, excellent one)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

absolutive form of root śru 'to hear'

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - indicates a transition or emphasis (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (a prominent warrior in the Mahabharata)

पुरुषेन्द्रम् (puruṣendram) - refers to Bhishma (chief among men, best of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣendra

puruṣendra - chief among men, best of men, lord of men

compound of puruṣa (man) and indra (chief, lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+indra)

• puruṣa – man, human being; the cosmic person
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king; the god Indra
  noun (masculine)

अच्युतम् (acyutam) - the unyielding one, an epithet for Bhishma indicating his strength (unfailing, imperishable, unfallen)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acyuta

acyuta - unfailing, imperishable, firm, unfallen; an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa

negative compound with a (not) and cyuta (fallen, perished)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cyuta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• cyuta – fallen, deviated, moved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. of root cyu 'to fall'
  Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Bhishma.

निपातितम् (nipātitam) - felled, cast down, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - felled, cast down, killed, brought low

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root pat with prefix ni and causative suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Bhishma.

शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - refers to Bhishma (son of Śāntanu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Śāntanu (Bhishma)

patronymic from Śāntanu

महारथम् (mahāratham) - refers to Bhishma (great warrior, mighty charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors; a great chariot

compound of mahā (great) and ratha (chariot/warrior)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot; a warrior (especially a charioteer)
  noun (masculine)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

उपायात् (upāyāt) - he approached, he went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upā-i

imperfect

imperfect active, 3rd person singular, active voice

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially.

अमित्रकर्शनः (amitrakarśanaḥ) - refers to Karna (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amitrakarśana

amitrakarśana - tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes

compound of amitra (enemy) and karśana (causing to waste away, tormenting)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amitra+karśana)

• amitra – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• karśana – emaciating, tormenting, causing to waste away
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/verbal adjective
  from root kṛś 'to make thin, to torment'
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

धनुर्धराणाम् (dhanurdharāṇām) - of archers, of bow-bearers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dhanurdhara

dhanurdhara - archer, bow-bearer

प्रवरः (pravaraḥ) - refers to Karna as the best archer (foremost, best, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravara

pravara - foremost, best, excellent, chief

derived from root vṛ 'to choose' with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛ (class 9)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - an epithet for Karna, indicating his strength and prowess (bull; mighty one, excellent one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣa

vṛṣa - bull; chief, strong, mighty, excellent