महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-2, verse-11

कर्ण उवाच ।
जगत्यनित्ये सततं प्रधावति प्रचिन्तयन्नस्थिरमद्य लक्षये ।
भवत्सु तिष्ठत्स्विह पातितो रणे गिरिप्रकाशः कुरुपुंगवः कथम् ॥११॥

11. karṇa uvāca ,
jagatyanitye satataṁ pradhāvati; pracintayannasthiramadya lakṣaye ,
bhavatsu tiṣṭhatsviha pātito raṇe; giriprakāśaḥ kurupuṁgavaḥ katham.

11. karṇa uvāca | jagati anitye satataṃ
pradhāvati pracintayan asthiram adya
lakṣaye | bhavatsu tiṣṭhatsu iha pātitaḥ
raṇe giriprakāśaḥ kurupuṅgavaḥ katham

11. karṇa uvāca adya aham anitye satataṃ
pradhāvati asthiram jagati pracintayan
lakṣaye bhavatsu iha tiṣṭhatsu raṇe
giriprakāśaḥ kurupuṅgavaḥ katham pātitaḥ?

11. Karṇa said: Pondering this world, which is impermanent (anitya) and constantly fleeting, I perceive its instability today. How is it that the foremost of the Kurus, magnificent like a mountain, has been struck down here in battle while all of you are still standing?

Words meanings summery:

• कर्ण (karṇa) - Karna (a hero in the Mahabharata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• जगति (jagati) - in the world, in the universe

• अनित्ये (anitye) - in the impermanent, in the transient

• सततं (satataṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually

• प्रधावति (pradhāvati) - rushes forth, runs forward, hastens

• प्रचिन्तयन् (pracintayan) - (Karna) pondering (pondering, reflecting, thinking deeply)

• अस्थिरम् (asthiram) - unstable, impermanent, transient

• अद्य (adya) - today, now, at present

• लक्षये (lakṣaye) - I perceive, I see, I observe

• भवत्सु (bhavatsu) - while all of you (Kauravas and allies) (in you all, concerning you all (respectful form for 'you'))

• तिष्ठत्सु (tiṣṭhatsu) - while standing, while being present, while remaining

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, at this place

• पातितः (pātitaḥ) - (Bhishma) fallen (struck down, fallen, thrown down)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

• गिरिप्रकाशः (giriprakāśaḥ) - (Bhishma) magnificent like a mountain (resplendent like a mountain, shining like a mountain)

• कुरुपुङ्गवः (kurupuṅgavaḥ) - (Bhishma) the foremost of the Kurus (chief of the Kurus, best of the Kurus, bull among the Kurus)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

Words meanings and morphology

कर्ण (karṇa) - Karna (a hero in the Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac, 3rd person singular, Perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

जगति (jagati) - in the world, in the universe

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe

अनित्ये (anitye) - in the impermanent, in the transient

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of anitya

anitya - impermanent, transient, not eternal

Derived from nitya (eternal) with prefix a- (negation)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nitya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• nitya – eternal, constant, regular
  adjective (masculine)

सततं (satataṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of satata (always existing, constant)

प्रधावति (pradhāvati) - rushes forth, runs forward, hastens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of pradhāv

Present Active

root dhāv with prefix pra, 3rd person singular, Present active

Prefix: pra

Root: dhāv (class 1)

प्रचिन्तयन् (pracintayan) - (Karna) pondering (pondering, reflecting, thinking deeply)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pracintaya

pracintaya - to ponder, reflect, think about

Present Active Participle

root cint with prefix pra, present active participle, nominative singular masculine

Prefix: pra

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

अस्थिरम् (asthiram) - unstable, impermanent, transient

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asthira

asthira - unsteady, unstable, impermanent

Derived from sthira (firm, stable) with prefix a- (negation)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sthira)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• sthira – firm, stable, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'jagat' or the general state of things.

अद्य (adya) - today, now, at present

(indeclinable)

लक्षये (lakṣaye) - I perceive, I see, I observe

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (lat) of lakṣ

Present Middle

root lakṣ, 1st person singular, Present middle

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

भवत्सु (bhavatsu) - while all of you (Kauravas and allies) (in you all, concerning you all (respectful form for 'you'))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite)

Present Active Participle

Present participle of bhū (to be), used as polite pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the assembled warriors, including Duryodhana.

तिष्ठत्सु (tiṣṭhatsu) - while standing, while being present, while remaining

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, existing, remaining

Present Active Participle

root sthā (to stand) in present active participle form, locative plural masculine

Root: sthā (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, at this place

(indeclinable)

पातितः (pātitaḥ) - (Bhishma) fallen (struck down, fallen, thrown down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - fallen, thrown down, struck down

Past Passive Participle

root pat (to fall) in causative form (pātayati) + kta suffix

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

गिरिप्रकाशः (giriprakāśaḥ) - (Bhishma) magnificent like a mountain (resplendent like a mountain, shining like a mountain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of giriprakāśa

giriprakāśa - mountain-like splendor, shining like a mountain

Compound type : upamāna-pūrvapada bahuvrīhi (giri+prakāśa)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• prakāśa – light, splendor, shining
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

कुरुपुङ्गवः (kurupuṅgavaḥ) - (Bhishma) the foremost of the Kurus (chief of the Kurus, best of the Kurus, bull among the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurupuṅgava

kurupuṅgava - chief of the Kurus

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kuru+puṅgava)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king or his descendants)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, eminent, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)