महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-2, verse-12

निपातिते शांतनवे महारथे दिवाकरे भूतलमास्थिते यथा ।
न पार्थिवाः सोढुमलं धनंजयं गिरिप्रवोढारमिवानिलं द्रुमाः ॥१२॥

12. nipātite śāṁtanave mahārathe; divākare bhūtalamāsthite yathā ,
na pārthivāḥ soḍhumalaṁ dhanaṁjayaṁ; giripravoḍhāramivānilaṁ drumāḥ.

12. nipātite śāntanave mahārathe divākare
bhūtalam āsthite yathā | na
pārthivāḥ soḍhum alam dhanañjayam
giripravoḍhāram iva anilam drumāḥ

12. śāntanave mahārathe nipātite (sati),
divākare bhūtalam āsthite yathā,
(tathā) pārthivāḥ dhanañjayam soḍhum na alam (santi),
drumāḥ giripravoḍhāram anilam iva (na alam).

12. With the great charioteer, the son of Śantanu (Bhishma), having been struck down, it is as if the sun has settled upon the earth. (Now,) the kings are unable to withstand Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna), just as trees are incapable of bearing a wind that uproots mountains.

Words meanings summery:

• निपातिते (nipātite) - when the great charioteer Bhishma has been struck down (struck down, felled, caused to fall)

• शान्तनवे (śāntanave) - (Bhishma) the son of Śantanu (to the son of Śantanu)

• महारथे (mahārathe) - (Bhishma) the great charioteer (to the great charioteer)

• दिवाकरे (divākare) - when the sun (has set) (in the sun, when the sun)

• भूतलम् (bhūtalam) - the surface of the earth, the ground

• आस्थिते (āsthite) - when it (the sun) has settled (settled, stationed, resorted to)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

• न (na) - not, no

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - the allied kings (on Duryodhana's side) (kings, princes, rulers, earth-born)

• सोढुम् (soḍhum) - to bear, to endure, to suffer, to tolerate

• अलम् (alam) - not capable (to bear) (capable, sufficient, enough, able)

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna (Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna))

• गिरिप्रवोढारम् (giripravoḍhāram) - (wind) capable of uprooting mountains (mountain-uprooter, one who carries away mountains)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अनिलम् (anilam) - wind, air

• द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

Words meanings and morphology

निपातिते (nipātite) - when the great charioteer Bhishma has been struck down (struck down, felled, caused to fall)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - felled, thrown down, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle

root pat (to fall) with prefix ni, causative form + kta suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

शान्तनवे (śāntanave) - (Bhishma) the son of Śantanu (to the son of Śantanu)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Śantanu

Apatyārthe aṇ pratyaya from Śantanu

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

महारथे (mahārathe) - (Bhishma) the great charioteer (to the great charioteer)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting many foes

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (charioteer)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

दिवाकरे (divākare) - when the sun (has set) (in the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun (light-maker of the day)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, daily
  indeclinable
• kara – maker, doing
  noun (masculine)
  from root kṛ (to do) + a pratyaya
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

भूतलम् (bhūtalam) - the surface of the earth, the ground

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhūtala

bhūtala - earth's surface, ground

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bhū+tala)

• bhū – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plain, flat ground
  noun (neuter)

आस्थिते (āsthite) - when it (the sun) has settled (settled, stationed, resorted to)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - situated, placed, settled

Past Passive Participle

root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā + kta suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - the allied kings (on Duryodhana's side) (kings, princes, rulers, earth-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, prince, ruler, earth-born

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

सोढुम् (soḍhum) - to bear, to endure, to suffer, to tolerate

(verb)

active

Infinitive

root sah + tumun suffix

Root: sah (class 1)

अलम् (alam) - not capable (to bear) (capable, sufficient, enough, able)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used with infinitive for 'able to do something'.

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna (Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+ñjaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• ñjaya – conquering, winning
  noun (masculine)
  from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

गिरिप्रवोढारम् (giripravoḍhāram) - (wind) capable of uprooting mountains (mountain-uprooter, one who carries away mountains)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of giripravoḍhāra

giripravoḍhāra - uprooter of mountains

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (giri+pravoḍhāra)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• pravoḍhāra – one who carries away, removes, uproots
  noun (masculine)
  from root vah (to carry) with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vah (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अनिलम् (anilam) - wind, air

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anila

anila - wind, air, a deity of wind

द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree