महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-2, verse-10

प्रवर्तमाने तु पुनर्महाहवे विगाह्यमानासु चमूषु पार्थिवैः ।
अथाब्रवीद्धर्षकरं वचस्तदा रथर्षभान्सर्वमहारथर्षभः ॥१०॥

10. pravartamāne tu punarmahāhave; vigāhyamānāsu camūṣu pārthivaiḥ ,
athābravīddharṣakaraṁ vacastadā; ratharṣabhānsarvamahāratharṣabhaḥ.

10. pravartamāne tu punar mahāhave
vigāhyamānāsu camūṣu pārthivaiḥ atha
abravīt harṣakaram vacas tadā
ratharṣabhān sarvamahāratharṣabhaḥ

10. tu punar mahāhave pravartamāne (sati),
pārthivaiḥ camūṣu vigāhyamānāsu (satsu),
atha tadā sarvamahāratharṣabhaḥ ratharṣabhān harṣakaram vacas abravīt.

10. But then, while the great battle was again raging and the armies were being assailed by the kings (or warriors), the foremost of all great charioteers then spoke an encouraging word to the chief charioteers.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रवर्तमाने (pravartamāne) - while the great battle was ongoing (in the ongoing, in the proceeding)

• तु (tu) - but, then, indeed

• पुनर् (punar) - again, moreover

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

• विगाह्यमानासु (vigāhyamānāsu) - in the armies being assailed (in those being assailed, in those being plunged into)

• चमूषु (camūṣu) - in the armies, in the forces

• पार्थिवैः (pārthivaiḥ) - by kings, by warriors

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• हर्षकरम् (harṣakaram) - an encouraging (word) (joy-producing, encouraging)

• वचस् (vacas) - word, speech

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• रथर्षभान् (ratharṣabhān) - to the foremost charioteers, to the chief charioteers

• सर्वमहारथर्षभः (sarvamahāratharṣabhaḥ) - the foremost of all great charioteers

Words meanings and morphology

प्रवर्तमाने (pravartamāne) - while the great battle was ongoing (in the ongoing, in the proceeding)

(verbal derivative)

Note: Used in an absolute locative construction.

तु (tu) - but, then, indeed

(indeclinable)

पुनर् (punar) - again, moreover

(indeclinable)

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, great war

Compound type : Karmadharaya (mahā+hava)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• hava – battle, war, sacrifice
  noun (masculine)

विगाह्यमानासु (vigāhyamānāsu) - in the armies being assailed (in those being assailed, in those being plunged into)

(verbal derivative)

Note: Used in an absolute locative construction.

चमूषु (camūṣu) - in the armies, in the forces

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of camū

camū - army, host, force

Note: Used in an absolute locative construction.

पार्थिवैः (pārthivaiḥ) - by kings, by warriors

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler, prince (literally 'son of earth')

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of bru

Root: bru (class 2)

हर्षकरम् (harṣakaram) - an encouraging (word) (joy-producing, encouraging)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of harṣakara

harṣakara - causing joy, delightful, encouraging

Compound type : Tatpurusha (harṣa+kara)

• harṣa – joy, delight, excitement
  noun (masculine)
• kara – making, causing, producing (suffix)
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

वचस् (vacas) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

रथर्षभान् (ratharṣabhān) - to the foremost charioteers, to the chief charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratharṣabha

ratharṣabha - chief charioteer, foremost charioteer

Compound type : Tatpurusha (ratha+ṛṣabha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

सर्वमहारथर्षभः (sarvamahāratharṣabhaḥ) - the foremost of all great charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvamahāratharṣabha

sarvamahāratharṣabha - the foremost of all great charioteers

Compound type : Tatpurusha (sarva+mahāratha+ṛṣabha)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• mahāratha – great charioteer, great warrior
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)