महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-160, verse-10

स्थविरः सन्परं शक्त्या घटे दुर्योधनाहवे ।
अतः परं मया कार्यं क्षुद्रं विजयगृद्धिना ।
अनस्त्रविदयं सर्वो हन्तव्योऽस्त्रविदा जनः ॥१०॥

10. sthaviraḥ sanparaṁ śaktyā ghaṭe duryodhanāhave ,
ataḥ paraṁ mayā kāryaṁ kṣudraṁ vijayagṛddhinā ,
anastravidayaṁ sarvo hantavyo'stravidā janaḥ.

10. sthaviraḥ san param śaktyā ghaṭe
duryodhanāhave | ataḥ param mayā kāryam
kṣudram vijaya-gṛddhinā | anastra-vit
ayam sarvaḥ hantavyaḥ astra-vidā janaḥ

10. sthaviraḥ san aham duryodhanāhave param
śaktyā ghaṭe ataḥ param vijaya-gṛddhinā mayā
kṣudram kāryam (asti) ayam sarvaḥ
anastra-vit janaḥ astra-vidā hantavyaḥ (asti)

10. Even though I am old, I will fight to the utmost of my ability in this battle (āhava) for Duryodhana. After this, I, greedy for victory, must perform a petty task: this entire populace, being ignorant of weapons, must be slain by one who knows weapons.

Words meanings summery:

• स्थविरः (sthaviraḥ) - Referring to Drona's age. (old, aged, ancient)

• सन् (san) - Being (old) (being, existing)

• परम् (param) - utmost, extremely, greatly

• शक्त्या (śaktyā) - by power, with strength, with ability

• घटे (ghaṭe) - I will strive, I will exert myself, I will fight

• दुर्योधनाहवे (duryodhanāhave) - in the battle for Duryodhana, in Duryodhana's war

• अतः (ataḥ) - After this (battle/declaration) (from this, therefore, after this)

• परम् (param) - after, beyond, further

• मया (mayā) - By Drona. (by me)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - to be done, a duty, a task

• क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - A small or contemptible task. (petty, small, insignificant)

• विजय-गृद्धिना (vijaya-gṛddhinā) - By Drona, who is eager for victory. (by one greedy for victory)

• अनस्त्र-वित् (anastra-vit) - Referring to the general populace, not trained in warfare. (not knowing weapons, ignorant of weapons)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all, entire, whole

• हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - to be slain, should be killed

• अस्त्र-विदा (astra-vidā) - By Drona himself, who is a master of weapons. (by a knower of weapons)

• जनः (janaḥ) - Referring to the enemy soldiers/populace who are not weapon experts. (person, people, populace)

Words meanings and morphology

स्थविरः (sthaviraḥ) - Referring to Drona's age. (old, aged, ancient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthavira

sthavira - old, aged, firm, steady

Note: Modifies implied 'aham' (I)

सन् (san) - Being (old) (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Modifies implied 'aham' (I)

परम् (param) - utmost, extremely, greatly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage

शक्त्या (śaktyā) - by power, with strength, with ability

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, ability, energy (śakti)

Root: śak (class 5)

घटे (ghaṭe) - I will strive, I will exert myself, I will fight

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of ghaṭ

Root: ghaṭ (class 1)

Note: Used in future sense here (I will fight).

दुर्योधनाहवे (duryodhanāhave) - in the battle for Duryodhana, in Duryodhana's war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of duryodhanāhava

duryodhanāhava - battle of/for Duryodhana

Compound type : tatpurusha (duryodhana+āhava)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• āhava – battle, war, contest
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hve (class 1)

अतः (ataḥ) - After this (battle/declaration) (from this, therefore, after this)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form derived from 'etad' with suffix -tas

परम् (param) - after, beyond, further

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - By Drona. (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

कार्यम् (kāryam) - to be done, a duty, a task

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, proper to be done, duty, task

Gerundive

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - A small or contemptible task. (petty, small, insignificant)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, minute, mean, insignificant, petty

Note: Modifies 'kāryam'

विजय-गृद्धिना (vijaya-gṛddhinā) - By Drona, who is eager for victory. (by one greedy for victory)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vijaya-gṛddhin

vijaya-gṛddhin - greedy for victory

Compound type : tatpurusha (vijaya+gṛddhin)

• vijaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)
• gṛddhin – greedy, desirous, covetous
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'gṛdh' (to be greedy)
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mayā' (by me).

अनस्त्र-वित् (anastra-vit) - Referring to the general populace, not trained in warfare. (not knowing weapons, ignorant of weapons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anastra-vid

anastra-vid - ignorant of weapons, not knowing weapons

Compound type : bahuvrihi (an+astra+vid)

• an – not, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• astra – weapon (missile weapon)
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knower, expert
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'janaḥ'

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Modifies 'janaḥ'

सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all, entire, whole

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Modifies 'janaḥ'

हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - to be slain, should be killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantavya

hantavya - to be killed, to be slain, killable

Gerundive

Derived from root 'han' (to kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'janaḥ'

अस्त्र-विदा (astra-vidā) - By Drona himself, who is a master of weapons. (by a knower of weapons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of astra-vid

astra-vid - knower of weapons

Compound type : tatpurusha (astra+vid)

• astra – weapon (missile weapon)
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knower, expert
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agent in passive construction

जनः (janaḥ) - Referring to the enemy soldiers/populace who are not weapon experts. (person, people, populace)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

Root: jan (class 4)