महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-81, verse-8

त्रिगर्तराजो निहतान्समीक्ष्य महारथांस्तानथ बन्धुवर्गान् ।
रणे पुरस्कृत्य नराधिपांस्ताञ्जगाम पार्थं त्वरितो वधाय ॥८॥

8. trigartarājo nihatānsamīkṣya; mahārathāṁstānatha bandhuvargān ,
raṇe puraskṛtya narādhipāṁstā;ñjagāma pārthaṁ tvarito vadhāya.

8. trigartarājaḥ nihatān samīkṣya
mahārathān tān atha bandhuvargān
raṇe puraskṛtya narādhipān tān
jagāma pārtham tvaritaḥ vadhāya

8. atha trigartarājaḥ nihatān tān
mahārathān bandhuvargān samīkṣya
raṇe tān narādhipān puraskṛtya
tvaritaḥ vadhāya pārtham jagāma

8. Then, the king of Trigarta (trigartarāja), having seen those great warriors (maharathas) and his kinsmen slain, swiftly went towards Arjuna (pārtha) for his death, leading those other kings in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रिगर्तराजः (trigartarājaḥ) - king of Trigarta

• निहतान् (nihatān) - referring to the great warriors and kinsmen who were killed (slain, killed, struck down)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having considered

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - great warriors, great chariot-fighters

• तान् (tān) - referring to the maharathas (them, those)

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• बन्धुवर्गान् (bandhuvargān) - kinsmen, group of relatives

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in fight

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having led, having put in front (of him) (having placed in front, having put forward, having honored, having led)

• नराधिपान् (narādhipān) - kings, rulers of men

• तान् (tān) - referring to the kings (narādhipān) (them, those)

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he proceeded

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - acting swiftly (swift, hasty, quick)

• वधाय (vadhāya) - for the slaying of Arjuna (for the slaying, for the killing)

Words meanings and morphology

त्रिगर्तराजः (trigartarājaḥ) - king of Trigarta

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trigartarāja

trigartarāja - king of the Trigartas (a people/country)

Tatpurusha compound: `trigarta` (name of a country/people) + `rāja` (king).

Compound type : tatpurusha (trigarta+rāja)

• trigarta – Trigarta (a country or people, lit. 'three pits')
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of `jagāma`.

निहतान् (nihatān) - referring to the great warriors and kinsmen who were killed (slain, killed, struck down)

(participle (adjective))

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having considered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root `īkṣ` (to see, behold) with prefix `sam-` and suffix `lyaP`. `sam-` + `īkṣ` -> `samīkṣ`.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

महारथान् (mahārathān) - great warriors, great chariot-fighters

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great chariot-fighter

Karmadhāraya or Bahuvrihi compound: `mahā` (great) + `ratha` (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of `samīkṣya`.

तान् (tān) - referring to the maharathas (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

बन्धुवर्गान् (bandhuvargān) - kinsmen, group of relatives

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bandhuvarga

bandhuvarga - group of kinsmen, relatives

Tatpurusha compound: `bandhu` (kinsman) + `varga` (group).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bandhu+varga)

• bandhu – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bandh (class 1)
• varga – group, class, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Object of `samīkṣya`.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having led, having put in front (of him) (having placed in front, having put forward, having honored, having led)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root `kṛ` (to do, make) with prefix `puras-`.

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नराधिपान् (narādhipān) - kings, rulers of men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men, chief

Tatpurusha compound: `nara` (man) + `adhipa` (ruler, chief).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `puraskṛtya`.

तान् (tān) - referring to the kings (narādhipān) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect active (liṭ)

Reduplicated perfect.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is `trigartarājaḥ`.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

Derived from `Pṛthā` with patronymic suffix `aṇ`.

Note: Object of motion for `jagāma`.

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - acting swiftly (swift, hasty, quick)

(participle (adjective))

Note: Functions as an adjective describing the subject.

वधाय (vadhāya) - for the slaying of Arjuna (for the slaying, for the killing)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, murder, striking

Derived from root `vadh` (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose.