महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-81, verse-12

युधिष्ठिरश्चोग्रबलो महात्मा समाययौ त्वरितो जातकोपः ।
मद्राधिपं समभित्यज्य संख्ये स्वभागमाप्तं तमनन्तकीर्तिः ।
सार्धं स माद्रीसुतभीमसेनैर्भीष्मं ययौ शांतनवं रणाय ॥१२॥

12. yudhiṣṭhiraścograbalo mahātmā; samāyayau tvarito jātakopaḥ ,
madrādhipaṁ samabhityajya saṁkhye; svabhāgamāptaṁ tamanantakīrtiḥ ,
sārdhaṁ sa mādrīsutabhīmasenai;rbhīṣmaṁ yayau śāṁtanavaṁ raṇāya.

12. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ca ugrabalaḥ mahātmā samāyayau tvaritaḥ
jātakopaḥ madrādhipaṃ samabhityajya saṃkhye
svabhāgaṃ āpataṃ taṃ anantakīrtiḥ sārdhaṃ sa
mādrīsutabhīmasenaiḥ bhīṣmaṃ yayau śāntanavaṃ raṇāya

12. ca ugrabalaḥ mahātmā anantakīrtiḥ jātakopaḥ
tvaritaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ saṃkhye svabhāgaṃ āpataṃ taṃ
madrādhipaṃ samabhityajya sa mādrīsutabhīmasenaiḥ
sārdhaṃ raṇāya śāntanavaṃ bhīṣmaṃ samāyayau

12. And Yudhiṣṭhira, the great-souled one of formidable strength and endless fame, swiftly advanced, his anger aroused. Completely abandoning the king of Madra who was attacking his own division of the battle, Yudhiṣṭhira, along with Bhīmasena and the sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva), went forth to fight Bhīṣma, the son of Śantanu.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• च (ca) - and, also

• उग्रबलः (ugrabalaḥ) - of formidable strength, terribly powerful

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble-minded

• समाययौ (samāyayau) - he approached, he came together

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, quick, hastened

• जातकोपः (jātakopaḥ) - whose anger was aroused/born

• मद्राधिपं (madrādhipaṁ) - Śalya, the king of Madra (the king of Madra)

• समभित्यज्य (samabhityajya) - having completely abandoned, having entirely given up

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in war

• स्वभागं (svabhāgaṁ) - his own part of the battle, his own division (his own part, his own share)

• आपतं (āpataṁ) - who was attacking (his division) (attacking, falling upon, approaching)

• तं (taṁ) - that king of Madra (him)

• अनन्तकीर्तिः (anantakīrtiḥ) - of endless fame, renowned

• सार्धं (sārdhaṁ) - together with, along with

• स (sa) - Yudhiṣṭhira (he)

• माद्रीसुतभीमसेनैः (mādrīsutabhīmasenaiḥ) - with the sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva) and Bhīmasena

• भीष्मं (bhīṣmaṁ) - to Bhīṣma

• ययौ (yayau) - he went, he proceeded

• शान्तनवं (śāntanavaṁ) - son of Śantanu (Bhīṣma)

• रणाय (raṇāya) - for battle, to battle

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava, firm in battle)

Compound of yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उग्रबलः (ugrabalaḥ) - of formidable strength, terribly powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ugrabala

ugrabala - of formidable strength

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ugra+bala)

• ugra – formidable, fierce, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble-minded

Compound of mahat (great) and ātman (soul)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

समाययौ (samāyayau) - he approached, he came together

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of samāyayau

Perfect form of root yā (to go) with prefixes sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: yā (class 2)

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, quick, hastened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - hastened, quick, swift

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tvar (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

जातकोपः (jātakopaḥ) - whose anger was aroused/born

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jātakopa

jātakopa - whose anger has arisen, enraged

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jāta+kopa)

• jāta – born, arisen, produced
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• kopa – anger, wrath, rage
  noun (masculine)

मद्राधिपं (madrādhipaṁ) - Śalya, the king of Madra (the king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrādhipa

madrādhipa - ruler of Madra, king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+adhipa)

• madra – Madra (a country or people)
  proper noun (neuter)
• adhipa – ruler, chief, lord
  noun (masculine)

समभित्यज्य (samabhityajya) - having completely abandoned, having entirely given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root tyaj (to abandon) with prefixes sam and abhi

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: tyaj (class 1)

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, conflict, war

स्वभागं (svabhāgaṁ) - his own part of the battle, his own division (his own part, his own share)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svabhāga

svabhāga - one's own share or part

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bhāga)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• bhāga – share, part, portion, division
  noun (masculine)

आपतं (āpataṁ) - who was attacking (his division) (attacking, falling upon, approaching)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - attacking, falling upon

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

तं (taṁ) - that king of Madra (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अनन्तकीर्तिः (anantakīrtiḥ) - of endless fame, renowned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anantakīrti

anantakīrti - of endless fame, renowned

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ananta+kīrti)

• ananta – infinite, endless, boundless
  adjective
  Negative particle 'an' + anta (end)
• kīrti – fame, glory, renown
  noun (feminine)

सार्धं (sārdhaṁ) - together with, along with

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of sārdha (together)

स (sa) - Yudhiṣṭhira (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

माद्रीसुतभीमसेनैः (mādrīsutabhīmasenaiḥ) - with the sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva) and Bhīmasena

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mādrīsutabhīmasena

mādrīsutabhīmasena - sons of Mādrī and Bhīmasena

Compound type : dvandva (mādrīsuta+bhīmasena)

• mādrīsuta – son of Mādrī
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of Mādrī (proper noun) and suta (son)
• bhīmasena – Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
  proper noun (masculine)

भीष्मं (bhīṣmaṁ) - to Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a character in Mahabharata)

ययौ (yayau) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yayau

Perfect form of root yā (to go)

Root: yā (class 2)

शान्तनवं (śāntanavaṁ) - son of Śantanu (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Śantanu (an epithet of Bhīṣma)

Patronymic from Śantanu

रणाय (raṇāya) - for battle, to battle

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict