महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-81, verse-23

आज्ञायमानेऽपि धनंजयेन महाहवे संप्रसक्ते नृवीर ।
कथं हि भीष्मात्प्रथितः पृथिव्यां भयं त्वमद्य प्रकरोषि वीर ॥२३॥

23. ājñāyamāne'pi dhanaṁjayena; mahāhave saṁprasakte nṛvīra ,
kathaṁ hi bhīṣmātprathitaḥ pṛthivyāṁ; bhayaṁ tvamadya prakaroṣi vīra.

23. ājñāyamāne api dhanañjayena
mahāhave saṃprasakte nṛvīra katham
hi bhīṣmāt prathitaḥ pṛthivyām
bhayam tvam adya prakaroṣi vīra

23. nṛvīra vīra mahāhave saṃprasakte
dhanañjayena api ājñāyamāne
pṛthivyām prathitaḥ tvam adya
bhīṣmāt bhayam katham hi prakaroṣi

23. O hero among men, even when the great battle, fully engaged, is acknowledged by Dhananjaya (Arjuna), how is it, O hero, that you, renowned on earth, today feel fear from Bhishma?

Words meanings summery:

• आज्ञायमाने (ājñāyamāne) - when the situation is understood (when being known, when being acknowledged)

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

• धनञ्जयेन (dhanañjayena) - by Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle, in the great war

• संप्रसक्ते (saṁprasakte) - fully engaged (referring to the battle) (fully engaged, deeply involved, attached)

• नृवीर (nṛvīra) - O hero among men, O human hero

• कथम् (katham) - how is it that? (how? why?)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• भीष्मात् (bhīṣmāt) - from Bhishma

• प्रथितः (prathitaḥ) - renowned, famous, celebrated

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth, in the world

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• प्रकरोषि (prakaroṣi) - you feel/experience (fear) (you make, you do, you cause)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero

Words meanings and morphology

आज्ञायमाने (ājñāyamāne) - when the situation is understood (when being known, when being acknowledged)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ājñāyamāna

ājñāyamāna - being known, being acknowledged, being commanded

Present Passive Participle

From root jñā with prefix ā-, in passive voice (śānac suffix).

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Emphasizes the concessive nature of the locative absolute.

धनञ्जयेन (dhanañjayena) - by Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Dhananjaya (a name of Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth')

Compound type : upapada-tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'ājñāyamāne'.

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle, in the great war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, great war

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+hava)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  Stem of mahat (great).
• hava – battle, war, sacrifice (rarely)
  noun (masculine)
  From root hu (to offer, fight).
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

संप्रसक्ते (saṁprasakte) - fully engaged (referring to the battle) (fully engaged, deeply involved, attached)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃprasakta

saṁprasakta - fully engaged, deeply involved, attached, clinging to

Past Passive Participle

From root sajj (to attach, cling) with prefixes sam- and pra-.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: sajj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahāhave' in locative absolute construction.

नृवीर (nṛvīra) - O hero among men, O human hero

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛvīra

nṛvīra - hero among men, human hero

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+vīra)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• vīra – hero, warrior, brave
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vīr (class 10)

Note: Epithet for the person being addressed (Shikhandin).

कथम् (katham) - how is it that? (how? why?)

(indeclinable)

interrogative adverb

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Intensifies the interrogation.

भीष्मात् (bhīṣmāt) - from Bhishma

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a name); terrible, formidable

Note: Source of fear.

प्रथितः (prathitaḥ) - renowned, famous, celebrated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prathita

prathita - renowned, famous, celebrated, spread out

Past Passive Participle

From root prath (to spread, extend)

Root: prath (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam'.

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

Note: Location of fame.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of 'prakaroṣi'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun.

Note: Subject of the verb 'prakaroṣi'.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

adverb of time

प्रकरोषि (prakaroṣi) - you feel/experience (fear) (you make, you do, you cause)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prakṛ

Present Tense

2nd person singular present active indicative of root kṛ with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वीर (vīra) - O hero

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave

Root: vīr (class 10)

Note: Epithet for Shikhandin.