महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-81, verse-24

स धर्मराजस्य वचो निशम्य रूक्षाक्षरं विप्रलापानुबद्धम् ।
प्रत्यादेशं मन्यमानो महात्मा प्रतत्वरे भीष्मवधाय राजन् ॥२४॥

24. sa dharmarājasya vaco niśamya; rūkṣākṣaraṁ vipralāpānubaddham ,
pratyādeśaṁ manyamāno mahātmā; pratatvare bhīṣmavadhāya rājan.

24. sa dharmarājasya vacaḥ niśamya
rūkṣākṣaram vipralāpānubaddham
pratyādeśam manyamānaḥ mahātmā
pratatatvare bhīṣmavadhāya rājan

24. rājan sa mahātmā dharmarājasya
rūkṣākṣaram vipralāpānubaddham
vacaḥ niśamya pratyādeśam manyamānaḥ
bhīṣmavadhāya pratatatvare

24. Having heard the King of Dharma's (Yudhishthira's) words, which were harsh and full of lamentation, the great-souled one, considering them a reproach, quickly hastened to slay Bhishma, O King.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Shikhandin (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of the King of Dharma (Yudhishthira)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

• रूक्षाक्षरम् (rūkṣākṣaram) - harsh-worded, with rough words

• विप्रलापानुबद्धम् (vipralāpānubaddham) - full of lamentation (connected with lamentation, full of incoherent talk)

• प्रत्यादेशम् (pratyādeśam) - rejection, reproach, refusal

• मन्यमानः (manyamānaḥ) - considering, thinking, believing

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled one, noble-minded person

• प्रतत्वरे (pratatvare) - hastened, rushed forward

• भीष्मवधाय (bhīṣmavadhāya) - for the slaying of Bhishma, to kill Bhishma

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Shikhandin (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Shikhandin.

धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of the King of Dharma (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - King of righteousness, King of justice, Yudhishthira, Yama

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'niśamya'.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root śam (to hear, observe) with prefix ni-, with suffix -ya (after prefix).

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

रूक्षाक्षरम् (rūkṣākṣaram) - harsh-worded, with rough words

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūkṣākṣara

rūkṣākṣara - harsh-worded, with rough words

Compound type : karmadharaya (rūkṣa+akṣara)

• rūkṣa – harsh, rough, dry
  adjective
  Root: rukṣ (class 1)
• akṣara – word, syllable, imperishable
  noun (neuter)
  From a- (not) + kṣar (to perish).
  Prefix: a
  Root: kṣar (class 1)

विप्रलापानुबद्धम् (vipralāpānubaddham) - full of lamentation (connected with lamentation, full of incoherent talk)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipralāpānubaddha

vipralāpānubaddha - connected with lamentation/idle talk, followed by idle talk

Compound type : tatpurusha (vipralāpa+anubaddha)

• vipralāpa – lamentation, idle talk, incoherent speech
  noun (masculine)
  From root lap (to speak) with prefixes vi- and pra-.
  Prefixes: vi+pra
  Root: lap (class 1)
• anubaddha – connected, bound, followed by, attended with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bandh (to bind) with prefix anu-.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: bandh (class 9)

प्रत्यादेशम् (pratyādeśam) - rejection, reproach, refusal

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratyādeśa

pratyādeśa - rejection, reproach, refusal, prohibition

From root diś (to point) with prefixes prati- and ā-.

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'manyamānaḥ'.

मन्यमानः (manyamānaḥ) - considering, thinking, believing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manyamāna

manyamāna - considering, thinking, believing

Present Middle Participle

From root man (to think) in middle voice (śānac suffix).

Root: man (class 4)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled one, noble-minded person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted, great self (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'pratatvare'.

प्रतत्वरे (pratatvare) - hastened, rushed forward

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pratvar

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular perfect active of root tvar (to hasten) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: tvar (class 1)

भीष्मवधाय (bhīṣmavadhāya) - for the slaying of Bhishma, to kill Bhishma

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bhīṣmavādha

bhīṣmavādha - slaying of Bhishma

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhīṣma+vadha)

• bhīṣma – Bhishma
  proper noun (masculine)
• vadha – slaying, killing, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From root vadh/han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses purpose.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.